Variability of tropical cyclone in high frequent occurrence regions over the western North Pacific

In this study, three high frequent occurrence regions of tropical cyclones(TCs), i.e., the northern South China Sea(the region S), the south Philippine Sea(the region P) and the region east of Taiwan Island(the region E), are defined with frequency of TC's occurrence at each grid for a 45-year period(1965–2009), where the frequency of occurrence(FO) of TCs is triple the mean value of the whole western North Pacific. Over the region S, there are decreasing trends in the FO of TCs, the number of TCs' tracks going though this region and the number of TCs' genesis in this region. Over the region P, the FO and tracks demonstrate decadal variation with periods of 10–12 year, while over the region E, a significant 4–5 years' oscillation appears in both FO and tracks. It is demonstrated that the differences of TCs' variation in these three different regions are mainly caused by the variation of the Western Pacific Subtropical High(WPSH) at different time scales. The westward shift of WPSH is responsible for the northwesterly anomaly over the region S which inhibits westward TC movement into the region S. On the decadal timescale, the WPSH stretches northwestward because of the anomalous anticyclone over the northwestern part of the region P, and steers more TCs reaching the region P in the greater FO years of the region P. The retreating of the WPSH on the interannual time scale is the main reason for the FO's oscillation over the region E.     

Effect of Decadal Changes in Air-Sea Interaction on the Climate Mean State over the Tropical Pacific

Collaboration of interannual variabilities and the climate mean state determines the type of E1 Nifio. Recent studies highlight the impact of a La Nifia-like mean state change, which acts to suppress the convection and low-level convergence over the central Pacific, on the predominance of central Pacific （CP） E1 Nifio in the most recent decade. However, how interannual variabilities affect the climate mean state has been less thoroughly investigated. Using a linear shallow-water model, the ef- fect of decadal changes of air-sea interaction on the two types of El Nifio and the climate mean state over the tropical Pacific is examined. It is demonstrated that the predominance of the eastem Pacific （EP） and CP E1 Nino is dominated mainly by relationships between anomalous wind stresses and sea surface temperature （SST）. Furthermore, changes between air-sea interactions from 1980-98 to 1999-2011 prompted the generation of the La Ninalike pattern, which is similar to the background change in the most recent decade.     

Are assemblages of the fireworm Hermodice carunculata enhanced in sediments beneath offshore fish cages?

Abundances of the fireworm Hermodice carunculata were counted through a monitoring assessment study of fish cages in Barranco Hondo（NE Tenerife）. Seven campaigns were conducted from November 2007 to June 2010 and temporal variations were found, as well as differences among sampling stations. The polychaete H. carunculata obtained its highest abundance in sediments beneath fish cages throughout the study period. Thus, the assemblages of this omnivorous species were favoured by the presence of fish cages.     

山东荣成天鹅湖大叶藻形态和生长的季节性变化研究

2012年8月至2013年7月,作者逐月对天鹅湖大叶藻(Zostera marina L.)的形态特征、植株密度、生物量和生产力进行了监测。结果表明,大叶藻周年株高最高值和最低值分别出现在7月和1月;叶鞘高度、叶鞘宽度和叶宽的最高值均出现在7月,叶鞘高度最低值出现在1月,叶鞘宽度和叶宽最低值均出现在2月;大叶藻顶枝、侧枝和花枝的周年密度最大值分别出现在6月、4月和5月,最小值分别出现在1月、8月和7月;单株生物量和地上部分生物量最大值均出现在7月,地下部分出现在10月,而单株生物量和地上部分生物量最小值均出现在1月,地下部分生物量最小值出现在3月;单株地上和地下生产力最大值均出现在6月,最小值则分别出现在1月和2月。分析显示,大叶藻在冬季由于水温较低导致生长缓慢,且植株较小,在春季随水温上升,生长开始加快。水温在夏初达到大叶藻的最适生长水温,大叶藻的生物量和初级生产力达到最高值,而夏末和初秋由于水温过高导致大叶藻个体生物量、密度和初级生产力开始降低。这种季节性变化与水温的季节性变化密切相关。     

室温宜变，食温要恒

和无边尢际的自然气候相比,居室气候只能算是一种“微气候”,居室温度也只足“微环境温度”。人的许多活动还必须在自然气候下进行,而出入届室,其实就会面临不同天气气候环境的变化．人的身体常常不能完全适应这样的天气气候环境变化,就可能出现各种各样的病症,比如,冬季的感甘及其他呼吸道疾病。     

模糊支持向量机和变化矢量分析相结合的矿区土地覆盖变化检测

针对目前土地覆盖变化检测常用的方法存在不同程度的误差累积,夸大了变化区域,提出模糊支持向量机(FSVM)和变化矢量分析(CVA)相结合的土地覆盖检测方法。以某矿区2004年和2008年两期的CBERS遥感影像进行了试验。结果表明,植被大幅减少,其他地类都有不同程度的增加,主要是由于开采规模和产量提升所致。通过与常规的其他两类方法比较发现,本文方法的总体精度、Kappa系数、漏检误差和虚检误差分别为92.67%、0.892 7%、5.79%、7.31%,比其他两种方法有较大提高,能够提供较全面的变化类别和准确信息,可以有效地应用于矿区土地覆盖动态监测。     

《冰川冻土》征稿简则

正1.本刊是我国冰、雪、冻土和冰冻圈研究领域唯一的学报级学术期刊,积极支持在冰、雪、冻土和冰冻圈及全球变化基础研究和应用研究中具创造性、高水平和面向国民经济建设的新思想、新观点、新方法和新学说;促进国内外学术交流,传播与冰冻圈和全球变化相关的科学知识,为寒区国民经济建设服务.     

武汉东湖(官桥湖)沉积剖面的垂向磁性特征及其对环境污染的响应

利用湖泊清淤工程,对武汉东湖(官桥湖)湖泊沉积物进行了垂向样品的采集并测量了其环境磁学参数和重金属元素含量。根据其沉积物垂向磁性变化特征,以沉积速率作为时间标尺,结合东湖周边地区相关工业资料,初步建立了该"磁记录"与东湖周边地区城市化过程中环境演化的关系。结果表明,粒度较细且为准单畴颗粒、低矫顽力的亚铁磁矿物主导了沉积物的磁性特征。在深度44cm之下,磁参数量值均较低;在深度44~6cm之间,沉积物磁参数量值随深度的减小而逐步平稳增加;由深度6cm至表层,磁参数量值随深度减小而减小。沉积物的磁性变化特征与1956年以来的钢铁产量、机动车保有量和人均GDP变化均较为一致。     

GGOS Atmosphere大气加权平均温度数据的精度检验与分析

GGOS Atmosphere提供了时间分辨率为6 h、空间分辨率为2.5°×2°的全球大气加权平均温度格网数据,该数据是利用ECMWF的相关资料计算得到的。利用全球的无线电探空资料和COSMIC掩星资料对该格网数据进行了验证和分析。检验结果表明,在全球范围内,该格网数据具有很高的精度,与无线电探空资料比较,年均RMS为1.96 K,与COSMIC掩星资料比较,年均RMS为1.91 K,与中国区域的无线电探空资料比较,年均RMS为2.24 K。此外,该格网数据在不同季节的精度有差异,但较小,不同纬度区域的精度也存在着一定的差异。     

基于 Landsat 8的城市热岛效应研究初探--以厦门市为例

以厦门市为研究区域,以2013年的Landsat 8为研究数据,研究亮度温度反演和地表温度反演算法,通过ENVI/IDL软件编程实现,并且利用厦门市气象局实测温度验证地表反演结果的有效性。同时,还分析了当前厦门市热岛效应空间分布情况,以期为厦门市城市规划和建设旅行城市等工作提供重要参考意义。