洪水演算理论与计算方法的若干进展与评论

从洪水波运动的小扰动分析、水力学洪水演算方法及新技术在洪水演算中的应用等方面,总结了近20年来国内外洪水演算理论与计算方法研究的若干进展,并作了简要的评论.     

加强跨世纪洪旱减灾非工程建设的若干对策

在总结研究“９６．７”暴雨洪水预报服务工作基础上,从减灾学角度,提出加强跨世纪洪旱减灾非工程建设的若干对策建议。     

The meteorologically abnormal year of 2006 and natural disasters in the Philippines

In the early part of 2006 the Philippines was hit by a La Nina event which brought floods, flashfloods and landslides. The most significant event was the February 2006 landslide that covered the whole community of Guinsaugon, in Southern Leyte, resulting in 154 deaths with 973 people still missing. Another rare event was the simultaneous presence of two tropical cyclones inside the Philippine Area of Responsibility （PAR） in August-- Tropical Depression Bopha and Tropical Storm Saomai--that enhanced the southwest monsoon. With the strong winds and high waves associated with the southwest mon- soon, an oil tanker, the M/T Solar 1, sank, resulting in the worst oil spill the country has ever suffered. Lastly, with a weak El Nino phenomenon forming in the Pacific Ocean and affecting the Philippines, a destructive typhoon, Xangsane, made a multi-landfall before hitting Metropolitan Manila. This was followed by the landfall of three superty- phoons--Cimaron, Chebi and Durian--during the last quarter of the year, bringing tremendous destruction of life and property. The occurrence of these weather events are attributed to climate variability the effects of which were exacerbated by a range of factors that include inappropriate land use.     

四川广汉三星堆土台壕沟沉积特征研究

四川省文物考古研究院2020年对掩埋坑周边区域展开了考古勘探，发现在靠近三星堆土台的南侧，存在有建造在二级阶地之上的壕沟，其古水流自西北流向东南沟通马牧河河曲段，壕沟沉积物主要形成时代推测为三星堆文化的第3期—第4期。通过对壕沟剖面样品进行薄片鉴定、扫描电镜观测和粒度分析研究，发现该壕沟主体由近源搬运的河流相沉积物组成，仅在个别地层富集陶片等遗物，壕沟以自然沉积为主，未发现大规模的人为倾填活动。生土及不同阶段的壕沟沉积物中岩屑等成分没有显著差异，表明自晚更新世以来，发源于龙门山构造带的湔江及其支流马牧河没有发生过明显的改道作用。壕沟至少经历了3次“挖沟—充填”的过程：第1阶段沉积物主要为黏土及粉砂，水动力较弱，沉积环境比较稳定，古人活动频繁；第2阶段沉积物主要为中粗砂，水动力较强，此时可能洪水频发，可见沟岸被明显切割并有大面积分布的越岸砂质沉积；第3阶段沉积物水动力波动显著，后期逐渐稳定，古人重新回到壕沟区域。壕沟形态存在有多阶段人为修筑的痕迹，体现了古人对气候变化及自然作用的应对能力。