Comparative Studies on Uptake Pathway of Cadmium by Perna viridis

Experiments were designed to expose the filter-feeding bivalve Perna viridis to different Cd-contaminated water environments in order to compare the different pathways through which Cd is accumulated. Results show that mussels can accumulate Cd through seawater, food, sediment and suspended particle pathways in a short period of time. Mussels＇ uptake of Cd through the seawater pathway reaches the highest concentration approximately 3 and 9 times larger than through the algae and sediment pathways respectively after 7 d. This indicates that the Cd-accumulation through seawater is most efficient. Results also indicate that the uptake directly through contaminated algae, particles or sediments ingested by mussels is less important when compared with the uptake of Cd by mussels through the seawater pathway. Metal uptake pathways and mechanisms of bioaccumulation by marine bivalve are also discussed in this paper.     

海洋石油光化学降解的研究

石油进入海水会发生各种物理、化学变化,以往的研究已证明光化学氧化在石油及其精炼产品风化过程中具有重要意义。光化学氧化机理主要在于接受日光照射的能量,以不同的方式与溶解氧结合,从而最终降解石油烃。生成的光氧化产生一般为羧酸、醇、醚、羰基化合物等几类,还有一些产物尚不能确定其结构。光氧化产物仍然存在毒性,对海洋生物等十分有害。在动力学方面,针对其某一组分已证实为一级反应动力学行为,并定量地得出了速率常     

论能源开发利用对全球性环境问题的影响

全球性环境问题是当代人类面临的严峻挑战之一,而这些问题的产生,均与能源的开采、加工或利用有着密切的关系,本文较为系统地分析了能源开发利用对全球气候变化,酸雨和大污染以及海洋污染等重大环境问题的影响,指出：要实现能源的可持续发展,必须把涌源开发利用纳入到与环境相协调的轨道,把保护环境作为能源战略的重要组成部分。     

4种海洋微藻对久效磷的抗性与其抗氧化能力的相关性

于１９９４年８月－１９９５年１２月,动用生态毒理学和生物化学实验方法,选用扁藻、叉鞭金藻、三角褐指藻及盐藻４种海洋微藻为材料进行海洋微藻对效磷的抗性与抗氧化能力相关性的实验。结果表明,久效磷在协迫过程中,微藻细胞内产生了过量的对细胞有伤害作用的活性氧,４种海洋微藻细胞内活性氧清除酶－超氧化物歧化酶的活性高低依次为盐〉三角褐指藻〉叉鞭金藻〉扁藻。比较毒性实验证明：４种海洋微藻对久效磷的基本身抗氧化能     

三苯基氯化锡对黑褐新糠虾的毒性效应

于 1 992年 7月在青岛胶州湾西岸采集黑褐新糠虾 ,经实验室常年培养驯化后作为实验材料 ,研究了三苯基氯化锡 (TPTC)的急性毒性效应及其对糠虾繁殖、生殖周期和种群的慢性毒性影响。结果表明 ,在急性毒性实验中 ,TPTC对糠虾的半致死浓度为 2 5× 1 0 - 9g/L( 2 4hLC50 )和 1 5× 1 0 - 9g/L( 4 8hLC50 ) ;慢性毒性实验结果表明 ,TPTC能影响糠虾种群的世代繁殖 ,2× 1 0 - 9g/L的TPTC能使糠虾首次生育的年龄延迟 3d ,产幼总数比对照组减少80 %以上 ,1× 1 0 - 9— 2× 1 0 - 9g/L的TPTC能导致糠虾生殖周期延长 3— 4d ,在生殖期内的死亡率上升 30 %— 55% ,暴露于 0 2 5× 1 0 - 9— 2 0 0× 1 0 - 9g/LTPTC中的糠虾其子代的在 6× 1 0 - 9g/LTPTC中存活能力下降。可以认为 ,1× 1 0 - 9g/L的TPTC可导致糠虾种群的衰亡。     

1998年春季珠江口海域大规模赤潮原因生物的形态分类和 …

对１９９８年４月１５日采集于广东珠江口万山群岛网箱养殖区的赤潮新鲜水样和福尔马林固定样品进行赤潮原因生物的形态分类和生物学特征的研究。结果发现,此次赤潮共有７种原因生物,全部属于裸甲藻类,其中最占优种三宅甲藻（Ｇｙｍｎｏｄｉｎｉｕｍ ｍｉｋｉｍｏｔｏｉ）和优势种斯氏多沟藻（Ｐｏｌｙｋｒｉｋｏｓ ｓｃｈｗａｒｔｚｉｉ）。螺旋螺沟藻（Ｇｙｒｏｄｉｎｉｕｍ ｓｐｉｒａｌｅ）的形态分类及生物学特征研究结果     

ADCP application for long-term monitoring of coastal water

Three kind of application of ADCP is reported for long-term monitoring in coastal sea. (1)The routine monitoring of water qualities. The water quality and ADCP echo data (600 kHz) observed in the long-term are analgzed at MT (Marine Tower) Station of Kansai International Airport in the Osaka Bay, Japan. The correlation between the turbidity and echo intensity in the surface layer is not good because air bubbles generated by breaking wave are not detected by the turbidity meter, but detected well by ADCP. When estimating the turbidity consists ofplankrton population from echo intensity, the effect of bubbles have to be eliminated. (2) Monitoring stirring up of bottom sediment. The special observation was carried out by using following two ADCP in the Osaka Bay, One ADCP was installed upward on the sea. The other ADCP was hanged downward at the gate type stand about 3 m above from the bottom. At the spring tide, high echo intensities indicating the stirring up of bottom sediment were observed. (3) The monitoring for the boundary condition of water mixing at an estuary. In summer season, the ADCP was set at the mouth of Tanabe Bay in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. During the observation, water temperature near the bottom showed remarkable falls with interval of about 5～7d. When the bottom temperature fell, the inflow current with low echo intensity water appears at the bottom layer in the ADCP record. It is concluded that when occasional weak northeast wind makes weak coastal upwelling at the mouth of the bay, the combination ofupwelling with internal tidal flow causes remarkable water exchange and dispels the red tide.     

海上溢油防治技术研究进展

随着石油资源的不断开发利用,接踵而来的海洋水体油污染问题日趋严重,已对人们的生产生活造成严重危害。海洋污染科学研究组(GESAMP)的调查和评估表明,石油是海洋环境中最普遍的污染物之一。据统计,每年因突发性溢油事故而流入江河、海洋的石油约为300-500×104t。目前我国海上的石油运输量仅次于美国、日本,居世界第三位,海上船舶溢油事故     

锦州湾海洋污染损失价值估算

锦州湾是我国污染严重的海湾之一,为了能认清楚具体的实际污染现状,更好地进行治理,因此要准确和有效地评价当地海洋污染的损失价值。文章基于海洋功能区,根据锦州湾地区的实际污染情况,建立科学的符合该海域实际污染现状的环境价值体系,结合基于Logstics模型的污染损失率法估算锦州湾海域的污染损失价值。结果得到总损失达到158.833 8亿元,损失价值最大的为工业城镇建设区与旅游娱乐区。说明锦州湾地区在大力发展工业与开发旅游资源的同时,忽略了环境的保护,导致锦州湾海域价值损失严重。