Experimenta l study on ultrasonic propagation in water-based bentonite slurry

Drilling fluid is a common flushingmedium used in pile foundation, geological drilling and petroleum drilling. Study on ultrasonic propagation properties in drilling fluid is of vital importance, not only for developing equipments to non-contact measuring concrete casting level for bored pile, but also for developing equipments considering drilling fluid as signal channel. The existence of clay particlesmakes the ultrasonic propagation and attenuation in drilling fluid much different from pure water. In order to know the relation among ultrasound frequency, slurry density and depth, a series of laboratory experiments about ultrasound propagation in water-based bentonite slurry were finished. Wavelet method was adopted to process the gained original waves of ultrasonic propagation in slurry, so we knew the velocity and attenuation coefficient of ultrasound propagated in different drilling fluids with different density. The first group experiments shows that with density of drilling fluid increase, ultrasonic velocity will decrease but attenuation coefficient will increase if ultrasonic frequency keep constant. The second group experiments shows that the power of ultrasound will intensify in small bore hole, the attenuation coefficient ismuch smaller than theoretical value.     

必需脂肪酸在海洋食物链中的作用

"硅藻-桡足类-鱼类"是海洋生态系统中物质循环和能量流动的主要环节[1].在海洋食物链中,饵料的数量和营养价值是各营养级海洋动物生长和繁殖的主要制约因素[2].影响饵料营养价值的化学组分包括蛋白质、脂类、糖类、矿物质、维生素等,其中脂类物质作为浮游植物营养成分的重要组成部分,在动物的细胞膜、视网膜、脑、神经组织和某些激素的合成中具有不可替代的作用[3].     

基于小波变换的缓冲平台隔振性能分析

根据水下爆炸作用下设备冲击响应的分析原理,分析了一组实验测量数据,并对数据进行了一维离散小波分析,提取了信号的细部特征,最后计算了各频带的能量百分比和缓冲平台的吸收系数.实验结果表明:缓冲平台主要吸收20 Hz以上的高频振动能量,吸收系数在0.99以上,该设计结构能有效减缓振动冲击;低于20 Hz的低频振动能量60%以上都传递给设备,但小幅度的低频振动不会造成设备损坏,从而确保了设备在严酷的冲击环境下正常工作.     

深水悬链锚泊线粘性阻尼计算

深水悬链锚泊线既为上部浮体运动提供恢复力,同时也提供阻尼力,其中阻尼力主要是由于上部浮体运动牵动悬链锚泊线局部振动和整体运动耗散能量而形成的拖曳粘性阻尼力.利用单根锚泊线由于上部浮体运动而吸收的能量来计算锚泊线的拖曳粘性阻尼.锚泊线和海床之间的接触作用基于刚性海床假定,利用Morrison公式计算锚泊线的惯性力和拖曳力荷载.用有限元方法进行非线性时域动力分析,分别计算静水条件和考虑流速分布两种工况下,上部浮体发生慢漂运动、波频运动以及两者组合运动时的锚泊线动力响应,比较不同工况下锚泊线的最大张力和粘性阻尼.     

Estimates of global M_2 internal tide energy fluxes using TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data

TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data from October 1992 to June 2002 are used to calculate the global barotropic M2 tidal currents using long-term tidal harmonic analysis. The tides calculated agree well with ADCP data obtained from the South China Sea (SCS). The maximum tide velocities along the semi-major axis and semi-minor axis can be computed from the tidal ellipse. The global distribution of M2 internal tide vertical energy flux from the sea bottom is calculated based on a linear internal wave generation model. The global vertical energy flux of M2 internal tide is 0.96 TW, with 0.36 TW in the Pacific, 0.31 TW in the Atlantic and 0.29 TW in the Indian Ocean, obtained in this study. The total horizontal energy flux of M2 internal tide radiating into the open ocean from the lateral boundaries is 0.13 TW, with 0.06 TW in the Pacific, 0.04TW in the Atlantic, and 0.03 TW in the Indian Ocean. The result shows that the principal lunar semi-diurnal tide M2 provides enough energy to maintain the large-scale thermohaline circulation of the ocean.     

Effects of salinity fluctuation amplitudes on growth, osmolarity, Na＋-K＋-ATPase activity and Hsp70 of juvenile Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis Osbeck

The effects of various salinity fluctuation amplitudes (2, 4, 6 and 8) on the growth, osmolarity, Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity and Hsp70 of juvenile Fenneropenaeus chinensis cultured in seawater with a salinity of 20 were studied. The results show that weight gain in the salinity fluctuation treatments was better than that in control; in particular, the weight gain of treatments S4 and S0, at 231.8% and 196.3%, respectively, was significantly different (P<0.05). The hemolymph osmolarity of treatments S0, S2, S4, S6 and S8 was 635.4, 630.8, 623.6, 614.4 and 600.3 mOsm/kg, respectively, and decreased with increasing salinity fluctuation amplitude. The level of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity in gills of F. chinensis was higher than that in hepatopancreas, but there were no significant differences among all treatments, either in gills or hepatopancreas (P>0.05). The relative level of Hsp70 in treatment S4 was 48.4% and 40.4% higher than control in muscle and eyestalks, respectively, with the highest values being recorded under a salinity fluctuation amplitude of 4.     

一种新的聚焦点不同的近景影像融合方法

近景摄影测量是实现地面目标高精度三维建模的主要方法之一。实际摄影测量过程中,普通数字摄像机在拍摄与镜头距离不同的多个目标时,无法同时聚焦到所有目标而使近景影像各处都清晰。本文以不同聚焦点近景影像的融合为研究内容,以图像一层小波分解的高频系数能量为影像清晰度衡量指标。通过计算小波影像能量,将整幅影像划分为清晰区域、模糊区域及二者的交界区域。对于清晰区域和模糊区域,将清晰区域的像元值直接应用于融合影像,而对于二者的交界区域,将curvelet变换所得初始融合影像的像元值应用于对应位置处的融合影像,从而得到融合影像。最后,用两组实例数据对融合方法进行了验证,并采用信息熵、均方根误差和峰值信噪比三种客观评价准则,对所得融合影像进行定量分析。     

Estimation of the Land Surface Emissivity in the Hinterland of Taklimakan Desert

An accurate accounting of land surface emissivity(ε) is important both for the retrieval of surface temperatures and the calculation of the longwave surface energy budgets.Since ε is one of the important parameterizations in land surface models(LSMs),accurate accounting also improves the accuracy of surface temperatures and sensible heat fluxes simulated by LSMs.In order to obtain an accurate emissivity,this paper focuses on estimating ε from data collected in the hinterland of Taklimakan Desert by two different methods.In the first method,ε was derived from the surface broadband emissivity in the 8–14 μm thermal infrared atmospheric window,which was determined from spectral radiances observed by field measurements using a portable Fourier transform infrared spectrometer,the mean ε being 0.9051.The second method compared the observed and calculated heat fluxes under nearneutral atmospheric stability and estimated ε indirectly by minimizing the root-mean-square difference between them.The result of the second method found a mean value of 0.9042,which is consistent with the result by the first method.Although the two methods recover ε from different field experiments and data,the difference of meanvalues is 0.0009.The first method is superior to the indirect method,and is also more convenient.     

IDM模型分析及其影响力改进算法

影响力传播模型IDM用于挖掘和分析BBS上观点领袖以及热门话题,它主要以影响力作为衡量标准。通过简化影响力运算法则,对IDM模型进行改进,使其更加直观。此改进后的IDM模型可运用到社会网络中,能更深刻的揭示出社会网络中各通信个体间的相互影响和距离,从而更好地了解和研究社会网络。     

日冕中无衰减振荡的研究进展

日冕中冕环的无衰减横向振荡(简称无衰减振荡)自2012年被发现以来,受到了广泛的关注.无衰减振荡具有在日冕中广泛存在以及振幅无明显变小的特性,使之在解释日冕加热和冕震学诊断上都具有相当的潜力.总结了日冕中无衰减振荡的研究进展,包括观测研究得到的一系列结果、提出的理论和数值模型以及基于无衰减振荡进行冕震学诊断的一些尝试,并且展望了未来可以进一步开展的研究.