利用能量因子进行DEM升尺度转换精度评价

全面评价数字高程模型（digital elevation model,DEM）升尺度转换方法的精度,有助于合理选择DEM升尺度转换方法,掌握DEM尺度转换规律及构建新的DEM升尺度转换模型。然而目前关于DEM精度评价的研究成果还难以达到实际应用的要求,从全新的视角寻找客观、高效的DEM升尺度转换结果的精度评价方法仍有待研究。基于地球表面接收太阳辐射的分布特性,提出基于能量因子的DEM精度评价方法,应用于不同DEM升尺度转换方法的精度评价中。基于现有的精度评定与质量评价方法,构建定性与定量分析相结合的综合评价方法,以验证基于能量因子的精度评价方法的合理性和有效性。实验结果表明,基于能量因子的精度评价方法原理简单、操作方便,能够反映升尺度转换后DEM地形空间遮蔽关系的变化情况。该方法为DEM升尺度转换结果的精度评价提供了新的思路和方向,对DEM在定量遥感建模与山区地表生态参量反演等方面的应用具有一定的借鉴意义。     

重力波与对流耦合作用在一次山地突发性暴雨触发中的机理分析

利用欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)开发的新一代ERA5再分析资料、中国自动站与CMORPH降水产品融合的逐小时降水资料以及国家卫星气象中心FY-2G卫星云图资料,对2018年5月21～22日发生在四川盆地西南部的一次山地突发性暴雨过程中的重力波特征进行天气动力学分析.得到以下结果:此次山地突发性暴雨受到了波长约为1...     

A time-dependent numerical model of the mild-slope equation

On the basis of the previous studies, the simplest hyperbolic mild-slope equation has been gained and the linear time-dependent numerical model for the water wave propagation has been established combined with different boundary conditions. Through computing the effective surface displacement and transforming into the real transient wave motion, related wave factors will be calculated. Compared with Lin’s model, analysis shows that calculation stability of the present model is enhanced efficiently, because the truncation errors of this model are only contributed by the dissipation terms, but those of Lin’s model are induced by the convection terms, dissipation terms and source terms. The tests show that the present model succeeds the merit in Lin’s model and the computational program is simpler, the computational time is shorter, and the computational stability is enhanced efficiently. The present model has the capability of simulating transient wave motion by correctly predicting at the speed of wave propagation, which is important for the real-time forecast of the arrival time of surface waves generated in the deep sea. The model is validated against analytical solution for wave diffraction and experimental data for combined wave refraction and diffraction over a submerged elliptic shoal on a slope. Good agreements are obtained. The model can be applied to the theory research an d engineering applications about the wave propagation in a biggish area.     

Estimates of global M_2 internal tide energy fluxes using TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data

TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data from October 1992 to June 2002 are used to calculate the global barotropic M2 tidal currents using long-term tidal harmonic analysis. The tides calculated agree well with ADCP data obtained from the South China Sea (SCS). The maximum tide velocities along the semi-major axis and semi-minor axis can be computed from the tidal ellipse. The global distribution of M2 internal tide vertical energy flux from the sea bottom is calculated based on a linear internal wave generation model. The global vertical energy flux of M2 internal tide is 0.96 TW, with 0.36 TW in the Pacific, 0.31 TW in the Atlantic and 0.29 TW in the Indian Ocean, obtained in this study. The total horizontal energy flux of M2 internal tide radiating into the open ocean from the lateral boundaries is 0.13 TW, with 0.06 TW in the Pacific, 0.04TW in the Atlantic, and 0.03 TW in the Indian Ocean. The result shows that the principal lunar semi-diurnal tide M2 provides enough energy to maintain the large-scale thermohaline circulation of the ocean.     

Effects of salinity fluctuation amplitudes on growth, osmolarity, Na＋-K＋-ATPase activity and Hsp70 of juvenile Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis Osbeck

The effects of various salinity fluctuation amplitudes (2, 4, 6 and 8) on the growth, osmolarity, Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity and Hsp70 of juvenile Fenneropenaeus chinensis cultured in seawater with a salinity of 20 were studied. The results show that weight gain in the salinity fluctuation treatments was better than that in control; in particular, the weight gain of treatments S4 and S0, at 231.8% and 196.3%, respectively, was significantly different (P<0.05). The hemolymph osmolarity of treatments S0, S2, S4, S6 and S8 was 635.4, 630.8, 623.6, 614.4 and 600.3 mOsm/kg, respectively, and decreased with increasing salinity fluctuation amplitude. The level of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity in gills of F. chinensis was higher than that in hepatopancreas, but there were no significant differences among all treatments, either in gills or hepatopancreas (P>0.05). The relative level of Hsp70 in treatment S4 was 48.4% and 40.4% higher than control in muscle and eyestalks, respectively, with the highest values being recorded under a salinity fluctuation amplitude of 4.     

Experimenta l study on ultrasonic propagation in water-based bentonite slurry

Drilling fluid is a common flushingmedium used in pile foundation, geological drilling and petroleum drilling. Study on ultrasonic propagation properties in drilling fluid is of vital importance, not only for developing equipments to non-contact measuring concrete casting level for bored pile, but also for developing equipments considering drilling fluid as signal channel. The existence of clay particlesmakes the ultrasonic propagation and attenuation in drilling fluid much different from pure water. In order to know the relation among ultrasound frequency, slurry density and depth, a series of laboratory experiments about ultrasound propagation in water-based bentonite slurry were finished. Wavelet method was adopted to process the gained original waves of ultrasonic propagation in slurry, so we knew the velocity and attenuation coefficient of ultrasound propagated in different drilling fluids with different density. The first group experiments shows that with density of drilling fluid increase, ultrasonic velocity will decrease but attenuation coefficient will increase if ultrasonic frequency keep constant. The second group experiments shows that the power of ultrasound will intensify in small bore hole, the attenuation coefficient ismuch smaller than theoretical value.     

The Effect of Temperature on Growth and Energy Budget of the Polychaete,Neanthes japonica Izuka

Growth and energy budget of the polychaete, Neanthesjaponica, at various temperatures (17, 20, 23, 26 and 29 ℃) were investigated in this study. The growth, as indicated by final dry weight and specific growth rate (SGR), increased with increasing temperature, with the maximum level at 26℃, and then decreased significantly at 29℃. A similar trend was observed in feeding rate, food conversion efficiency (FCE) and apparent digestive rate (ADR). However, no significant differences were detected in ADR among all the temperature treatments. In the pattern of energy allocation, faeces energy was only a small component of energy budget and had little influence on the proportion of food energy allocated to growth. The metabolic energy accounted for a large portion of energy intake for each temperature treatment. The nitrogen excretion was appreciable with changing temperature. The two expendi-ture terms (respiration energy and excretion energy) in energy budget were the major factors influencing the proportion of food en-ergy allocated to growth. These results revealed that temperature affected the growth of N. japonica mainly by influencing feeding rate and FCE. In addition, regression equations describing the relationship between feeding rate, faecal production, SGR, FCE and temperature were obtained. The optimum temperatures for feeding rate, FCE and SGR were estimated at 25.01 ℃, 24.24℃ and 24.73 ℃, respectively, from the regression equations.     

深水悬链锚泊线粘性阻尼计算

深水悬链锚泊线既为上部浮体运动提供恢复力,同时也提供阻尼力,其中阻尼力主要是由于上部浮体运动牵动悬链锚泊线局部振动和整体运动耗散能量而形成的拖曳粘性阻尼力.利用单根锚泊线由于上部浮体运动而吸收的能量来计算锚泊线的拖曳粘性阻尼.锚泊线和海床之间的接触作用基于刚性海床假定,利用Morrison公式计算锚泊线的惯性力和拖曳力荷载.用有限元方法进行非线性时域动力分析,分别计算静水条件和考虑流速分布两种工况下,上部浮体发生慢漂运动、波频运动以及两者组合运动时的锚泊线动力响应,比较不同工况下锚泊线的最大张力和粘性阻尼.     

海洋水声环境调查数据处理系统的设计与实现

针对目前海洋环境调查现状,结合国内现有的技术条件和现有的处理方法、原理,详细论述了海洋水声环境调查处理系统软件主要功能的设计及关键技术,该系统软件满足海洋调查的需求,极大提高了海洋环境数据处理的自动化、数字化和信息化程度。     

一种新的点位误差度量

将欧几里得平面或空间中各个方向上的点位方差的均值作为一种新的点位精度度量,不妨称之为点位均方向方差.从"方差"这一概念本身来看,点位均方向误差更具有"方差"蕴含的含义,能直观反映点位在各方向上平均离散状况;从可视化的角度来看,可以用点位均方向标准差为半径的圆,球或超球,近似描述出点住误差的大致分布;从概率的角度而言,比较接近误差椭圆,误差椭球或超椭球,这在扩展不确定度的描述时,不妨用相应的误差椭圆(椭球)所对应的概率值作为置信度进行描述,无须经复杂而繁琐的计算.