荆州市区水环境系统分析

荆州市区水环境系统是一个人工复合系统，并且是不断恶化和不相协调的系统，本文主要是通过构造沉降与大堤约束，洪水位上升与洪涝灾害等一系列矛盾运动的论述，揭示荆州市区水环境还在恶化的发展趋势，支撑荆州市区经济发展是改善和控制荆江洪水位上升。     

Temporal and spatial distributions of dominant shrimp stocks and their relationship with the hydrological environment in the East China Sea

To provide a scientific and technological base for fishery administration, holding a moratorium on fishing, and combating habitat degradation, a shrimp stock survey was carried out in May, August, and November 1998 and in February 1999. The study was conducted in the area between 26o00′ N and 33o00′ N and to the west of 127o00′ E in the East China Sea using a multi-sac trawl-net, with 115 stations being sampled. Up to 2001, we had found 121 species, which belong to 63 genera under 22 families, and 41 species are of high economic value and in great abundance. Nine shrimp species were of great economic importance, whose stock accounted for 76.8% of the demersal total. They were Parapenaeus fissuroides, Metapenaeopsis philippi, Palaemon gravieri, Metapenaeopsis barbata, Solenocera koelbeli, Solenocera crassicornis, Trachypenaeus curvirostris, Solenocera melantho and Parapenaeopsis hardwickii (listed in stock order). The nine species belong to the eurythermal and eurysaline community and high thermal and high saline community, had different migration patterns and stocks, and their distribution patterns could be generally classified into three types:(1) dominating in the north or the south;(2) dominating to the north of and in the coast to the south of 30o00′ N;and (3) dominating to the east of 60 m isobath, which were related to six water masses in the ECS near two lines, i.e., the 60 m isobath and 30o00′N latitudinal lines. Densely habited shrimps were found in all four seasons due to temperature and salinity frontiers and upwelling. The general stock density index was relatively higher in spring, summer, and autumn, when it surpassed 10 kg/h, while in winter, it was only 6.8 kg/h which might be caused by overfishing. According to the spawning areas of the nine species and their distribution patterns, to attain sustainable development of the shrimp fishery in the ECS, it is imperative to protect fishing areas and to hold a moratorium on catching to the west of 60 m isobath from April through October, and between 60 m and 100 m isobaths and to the south of 30oN from June through August and to limit fishing in winter.     

欢迎订阅《水科学进展》

《水科学进展》是以水为论述主题的学术期刊,主要反映国内外在暴雨、洪水、干旱、水资源、水环境等领域中的科学技术的最新成果、重要进展、当代水平和发展趋势,报道关于水圈研究的新事实、新概念、新理论和新方法,交流新的科研成果、     

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水环境研究已从微观尺度向宏观尺度逐渐拓展,研究所包括的层次更多,范围更广,内容更丰富.本文分析了中国西北水资源的现状,提出了推进节水型社会建设的必要性及存在的问题,同时提出了西北缺水区进行节水型社会建设的可行性建议.     

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在对小浪底水库下游孟津县扣马河漫滩农业生态调查的基础上,分析了河岸农业性湿地(稻田、鱼塘和荷塘)开发所引起的生态环境影响。通过优化荷塘的耕作制度,有效地协调了滩区水田和旱地之间的需水矛盾,增加了滩区农作物对氮磷的利用效率,减少了肥料流失所引起的水环境污染风险。     

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