陕北黄土高原地区极端降水事件时空分布特征

以陕西省北部6个气象站点1959-2011年逐日降水数据为基础,采用百分比方法确定各站点极端降水阈值,选取极端降水量、极端降水频率、极端降水强度、暴雨量、暴雨日数、大雨量和大雨日数,分析陕北黄土高原地区极端降水事件时空变化特征,结果表明:(1)极端降水经历近30年的持续减少后,近10多年增加较快,各极端降水指数空间上均呈自东南向西北的递减趋势.(2)极端降水量2000～ 2011年最大,极端降水阈值和极端降水量自东南向西北递减分布.(3)极端降水频率以2000～ 2011年最大,极端降水强度变化趋势不明显.空间分布上极端降水频率以绥德最高,榆林最低;极端降水强度以洛川最高,横山最低.(4)暴雨量和暴雨日数均以2000～2011年最高,空间分布呈自东而西递减,分别形成以绥德和延安、横山和吴起为中心的高值和低值区域.大雨量和大雨日数以1959 ～1969年最高.空间分布上呈自南而北的递减趋势,均形成以洛川和横山为中心的高值和低值区域.     

Study on the extremely cold winter of 1670 over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River

The snow-cover days over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River （MLRYR） in the winter of 1670 were extracted from Chinese historical documents. By these records, the winter temperature anomalies （compared to the mean of 1961-1990） recorded at seven meteorological stations and the regional mean winter temperature were estimated. The results show that： （1） There was an average of about 30 snow-cover days over the MLRYR region in 1670, ranging from 11-20 days in Shanghai and eastern Zhejiang to 5140 days in eastern Hunan Province. The snow-cover days averaged about 40 days in Anqing and Nan- cheng, and ranged from 30 to 40 days in Quzhou, Jingdezhen, and Nanchang; and （2） the regional mean winter temperature in 1670 was estimated to be approximately 4.0 ℃ lower than that of 1961-1990. The maximum negative anomaly of 5.6℃ occurred in Nanchang and the minimum anomaly of-2.8 ℃ was detected in Quzhou. Both of these were lower than that of the coldest winter during the instrumental observation period of 1951-2010. This research could not only provide a method to es- timate historical climate extremes, but also provide a background to understand the recent instrumentally climate extremes.     

Monitoring of small and medium embankment dams on permafrost in a changing climate

Global climate warming which began in the second half of the twentieth century is continuing. It is associated with increased risks for ecological management, especially in permafrost areas comprising over 65% of Russia. Of special concern are dams constructed on permafrost. They are subject not only to climatic impacts, but also to additional hydrothermal loads from water reservoirs. This paper presents the concept of geocryological monitoring of dams and other water resource projects and substantiates its necessity in view of climatic change. It also presents methods, scope and implementation of geocryological monitoring at medium and small dams, considering the specific nature of Far Northern areas, as well as the complicated geotechnical, hydrogeological and permafrost conditions.     

Medium and small embankment dams on permafrost: A discussion of current concepts

This article discusses the current concepts of dam design and construction in permafrost regions. It is demonstrated that embankment dams often change their state from frozen to thawed and back during the operation period. It is shown that these transitions are not always attributable to observed climate warming. Where geotechnical, hydrogeological, and permafrost conditions are complicated, proper performance of embankment dams can only be provided by adhering to a selected thermal design for, as an example, a frozen state.     

地处秦岭南麓 位处汉中市西缘 居处嘉陵江上游 略阳 夏无酷暑冬无严寒气候温润的美丽地方

略阳县位于陕西省的西南端,汉中市西缘,秦岭南麓,嘉陵江上游,处于陕甘川三省交界地带。东南与汉中市宁强、勉县接壤;西北与甘肃省的康县、成县、徽县相邻。全县幅员面积2831平方公里。属北亚热带北温润季风气候,夏无酷署,冬无严寒,年平均气温13.2℃,年平均降雨量860毫米。略阳历史悠久,早在新石器时代,境内即有人类生活和从事生产活动。     

《广东气象》征稿简则

正《广东气象》是由广东省气象局主管、广东省气象学会主办的科技期刊,创刊于1973年,现为双月刊,国内外公开发行。《广东气象》主要刊登有关大气科学研究的综合评述及研究论文、短论;天气、气候诊断分析与监测预报技术;气象业务技术及业务现代化建设经     

1953—2011年信江流域径流量变化特征及归因分析

利用信江流域梅港水文控制站1953—2011年径流量观测资料和11个气象站同期气象观测资料,采用统计方法、Mann-Kendall非参数检验方法、Morlet小波分析法,对信江流域径流量年内、年际变化的不均匀性、长期趋势、周期变化,及其与气候因素的相关性等进行分析。结果显示,信江流域多年平均径流量呈缓慢增大趋势,但具有显著的年际和年代际变化特征,振荡周期明显,年际变化的主要周期为6—8 a,年代际变化的主要周期为准22 a,在20世纪70—90年代最明显。年流量以主汛期(4—6月)为最多,春、夏季(3—8月)径流变差系数小,水量稳定,冬季变差系数大,水量不稳定。流域径流量与气候因素中的降水、蒸发具有显著的相关性,而人类活动中的城镇化、经济、人口等因素对径流变化起到了一定的辅助作用。     

天气、气候影响评述

2014年7—9月江西省气温略偏高,降水接近常年,日照时数偏少。江西省出现了多次大范围的强对流性暴雨天气,部分地区农业生产受灾严重,局部地区出现山体滑坡、山洪等地质灾害;先后出现5轮高温天气过程,赣南高温日数创耪高;8月中旬罕见的持续低温阴雨天气对农业生产有不利影响。     

气候特点概述

<正>2013年10—12月,江西省总的气候特点是:气温前高后低,降水前少后多,日照时数偏多。主要天气气候事件有:秋季持续少雨,鄱阳湖水域面积为近10 a同期最小;12月出现同期罕见大范围暴雨。1气候概况1.1气温。10—12月全省平均气温为13.9℃,较常年同期平均偏高0.2℃。其中赣北13.6℃,偏高0.4℃;赣中13.6℃,偏高0.1℃;赣南15.0℃,偏低0.2℃。10—12月全省平均气温分别为20.0、14.5、7.2℃,与常年同期相比,10、11月偏高0.5、0.9℃,12月偏低0.8℃。1.2降水。10—12月全省平均降水量为199.8 mm,较常年同期平均偏多9%。各地降水分布不均,赣北大部偏少,赣中、赣南偏多。10—12月全省平均降水量分别为19.1、94.8、85.9 mm,10月偏少70%、11、12月偏多33%、80%。1.3日照。10—12月全省平均日照时数为485.9 h,较常年     

气候特点概述

<正>2014年4—6月,江西省总的气候特点是:气温偏高、降水略多、日照偏少。主要天气气候事件:4—6月中南部气温异常偏高,5月暴雨、强降水过程频繁,导致局部灾情较重。1气候概况1.1气温。4—6月全省平均气温为22.9℃,较常年同期平均偏高0.7℃,为历史同期第6高位。4、5、6月全省平均气温分别为19.6、22.7、26.3℃,较常年同期相比,4、6月偏高1.6、0.5℃,5月持平。