全球气候变暖恶果终现——南极冰融在加快

美国宇航局NASA从最近的卫星图像发现,南极洲的冰雪消融是近30年来最严重的,并有明显迹象表明,冰层融化的速度还在加快,也表明全球变暖同时在加速。     

MM5对末次盛冰期中国气候的模拟研究Ⅰ:CO2和地球轨道参数的影响

通过模式结果与实况资料和地质记录对比,表明模式系统可以较好地模拟现代气候状况和末次盛冰期气候的变化,特别是降水的变化与地质记录符合得较好。在末次盛冰期和现代气候状况下地球轨道参数的变化对中国地区年平均温度的影响很小,但对不同季节温度变化的作用不同。冬季气温的变化比较显著,不能忽略。CO2浓度在末次盛冰期最低,其混合比为200×10-6,这使得气温降低。CO2的作用也存在明显的季节和区域特征。冬季其影响最大;但夏季其作用较小,甚至出现CO2浓度减少温度增加的现象。产生增温现象的原因是云量发生了变化,使到达地面的太阳辐射增加。这个结果表明云在气候变化中,可能起着非常重要的作用,甚至可以影响某时段和区域温度等要素变化的方向。青藏高原地区对这两个辐射因子变化的响应与中国其他地区相比偏小,原因是该地区的云量高于其他地区。相对现代气候,末次盛冰期地球轨道参数变化对气候的影响小于CO2的作用。但相对于末次盛冰期气候的变化,这两个因子的贡献都是比较小的。CO2对末次盛冰期年平均温度变化的贡献大约为3%—10%。此外,现代和末次盛冰期气候背景下,CO2的作用相同。     

绵阳雷暴特征浅析

利用绵阳站1954~2001年共48a的逐日气象资料,较为详细地分析了绵阳站雷暴现象的演变规律,着重讨论了雷暴的年际变化、月际分布特征及日变化情况。     

莘县大雾的气候特征分析

通过对莘县1957-2006年大雾观测资料的统计，得出莘县大雾日数的年变化呈逐年上升趋势。秋冬季节的大雾日数占全年的70％，大雾的出现时间主要集中在夜间到上午日出前后，其中冬季出现的大雾维持时间较长。     

中尺度区域加密自动站建设初探

1引言中尺度区域加密自动站建设是自治区气象业务技术体制改革“三站四网”建设的重要组成部分。如何建立稳定的中尺度区域加密自动站,获取高质量、稳定、连续的区域性天气、气候资料,提高区域灾害性天气的监测能力是我们建站的最终目标。中尺度区域加密自动站是集数据采集、数据处理、数据存储、数据通讯为一体的气象观测设备。数据采集部分包括雨量、温度和风速风向等传感器;数据处理部分对采集到的气象数据按照气象要求进行运算与分析;数据存储部分采用动态链表方式存储小时气象数据,最多可以存贮3个半月的气象数据;数据通讯部分一般采用…     

百色市楝树物候期与气象条件分析

通过对连续16a同株楝树物候期资料统计,结合历年各物候期气象条件进行综合分析,探讨百色气候条件下楝树物候期规律。     

浅谈雷山县脱毒洋芋种植气候因素

无论从农业生产方向还是市场前景看,种植脱毒洋芋的优势是显而易见的。为此,2006年在雷山县良种繁殖场,进行了脱毒洋芋试种。并对雷山县脱毒洋芋种植的气候条件进行分析。     

Testing the Ability of Numerical Model to Simulate Climate and Its Change With 4D-EOF Analysis

The four-dimensional empirical orthogonal function (4D-EOF), which in reality is a simple combination of three-dimensional EOF (3D-EOF) and extended EOF (EEOF), is put forward in this paper to test the ability of numerical model to simulate climate and its change. The 4D-E0F analysis is able to reveal not only the horizontal characteristic pattern of analyzed variable, and its corresponding annual and inter-annual variations, but also the vertical structural characteristics. The method suggested is then used to analyze the monthly mean 100-, 500-, 70G-, and 1000-hPa geopotential height fields (4941 grids and grid spacing 60 km) and their anomaly fields in 1989-1998 simulated by the MM5V3 from the RMIP (Regional Climate Model Inter-comparison Project for East Asia)-II, as well as their counterparts (used as the observed fields) from the NCEP/NCAR re-analysis dataset in the same period. The ability of MM5V3 in simulating East Asian climate and its change is tested by comparing the 4D-EOF analysis results of the simulated and observed datasets. The comparative analyzed results show that the horizontal pattern of the first eigenvector of the observed monthly mean geopotential height fields and its vertical equivalent barotropic feature were well simulated; the simulations of the first two eigenvectors of the observed monthly mean geopotential height anomaly fields were also successful for their horizontal abnormal distributions and significant equivalent barotropic features in the vertical were well reproduced; and furthermore, the observed characteristics, such as the variation with height, the annual and inter-annual variations of the monthly mean geopotential height/anomaly fields were also well reflected in the simulation. Therefore, the 4D-EOF is able to comprehensively test numerical model's ability of simulating the climate and its change, and the simulation ability of MM5V3 for the climate and its change in East Asia in the 1990s was satisfactory.     

拉斯曼丘陵的短期气候特征

利用中山站１９８９年以来的气象资料,对拉斯曼丘陵的短期气候特征进行了初步分析。结果表明,拉斯曼丘陵的气候特点与东南极沿岸其它绿洲区相似,共同受大尺度气候过程的影响,同时还具有许多局地气候特征。