Micromorphology and quality attributes of the loess derived soils affected by land use change: A case study in Ghapan watershed, Northern Iran

In order to study the effects of different land vegetative covers on soil quality attributes, a loess hill slope was selected in eastern Golestan Province, Ghapan watershed, Iran. Four profiles in four land uses, including Quercus natural forest; Pinus artificial forest; Cupressus artificial forest and a cultivated land, were studied. Results showed that MWD was significantly different in the studied land uses, and it varied between 1.6 mm in Quercus natural forest and o.31 mm in cultivated land use. The lowest CEC, microbial respiration rate and organic carbon were 28.4 cmol·kg^1, 177 μgCO2·g^-1·day^-1 and 1.32 % found in cultivated land use, respectively. The organic matter was considerably higher content in the forest areas than that of cultivated land use. The studies on soil profile development revealed that the natural forest soils were highly developed. The soils of the Quercus natural forest were classified as Calcic Haploxeralfs with a well developed argillie horizon unlike the cultivated soils which showed the minimum development and classified as Typic Xerorthents. The soils of the artificial forests had both mollic epipedons and were classified as Typic Calcixerolls with moderate profile development. Micromorphological studies revealed that argillic horizons had speckled and partly crystallitic b-fabric in the natural forest indicating the high landscape stability. In contrast, the crystallitic b-fabric of other land uses shows the absence of enough leaching of carbonate and the subsequent migration of clay particles indicating the unstable conditions and high soil erosion. Intense erosion of the surface horizons of cultivated land use has resulted in the outcropping of the subsurface carbonate rich horizons preventing soil development.     

蔓延吧，神奇的“绿巨人”——世界四大造林工程

大范围、长时期的人工造林是人类改变自然生态最为有力的活动之一,也是提高森林覆盖率、保持水土、固沙防尘的最有效方法,同时还是人类反思自己、敬畏自然的一种最直接的表达方式。当你面对那一片片浩瀚的人工林海,被这些“绿巨人”所震撼时,或许你还会默默地期盼：蔓延吧,神奇的“绿巨人”,不管任何地方!     

亚马孙的季节秘密

与大多数人的想象不同,热带雨林并不总是潮湿多雨,世界上最大的亚马孙热带雨林实际上就会经历一段旱季。在亚马孙雨林的旱季里,厚厚的云雾将会散去,阳光得以照进森林深处,这段时期也就成为植被最为旺盛的生长期。     

基于多传感器遥感数据和改进的单类随机森林的滑坡提取

提出一种利用面向对象多特征和改进的单类随机森林分类器（improved one-class random forest classifier,iOCRF）从多传感器遥感数据提取滑坡的新方法。从两时相高分辨率多光谱图像和中分辨率数字高程模型（DEM）数据中提取的图像对象多特征,来定量表达滑坡引起地表变化和滑坡区地形特征,利用iOCRF对所有特征图像进行分类以提取滑坡。据研究区两时相高分辨多光谱图像和30 m分辨率的ASTER全球DEM数据对提出的方法进行评价。结果表明,所提出方法的提取精度优于只利用部分特征提取和利用传统随机森林的提取精度;利用iOCRF计算不同特征的重要性,并分析不同特征对滑坡提取的贡献。     

ICESat-2植被冠层高度和地表高程数据产品用于森林高度提取的效果评价

由美国宇航局(NASA)研制的新一代冰、云和陆地高程卫星(ICESat-2)于2018-09-15发射成功,其搭载的先进地形激光测高系统(ATLAS)采用微脉冲多波束光子计数激光雷达技术,可用于全球高程线采样数据的获取.目前公开发布了9种数据产品,其中包括植被冠层高度和地表高程数据产品(ATL08),为全球森林结构参数...     

井冈山森林火灾与气象条件的相关分析

根据江西井冈山森林火灾资料,利用一元回归和逐步回归分析方法,对井冈山1991—2000年森林火灾发生期间的连旱日数、降水量、相对湿度、气温、风速5个主要气象指标进行分析,将各指标分别与火灾发生次数、森林受害面积进行回归计算,建立了利用连旱日数和降水量预测森林火灾受灾面积及发生次数的数学模型。模式运算结果表明,当火灾发生前15 d连旱日数增加时,火灾次数增加;当火灾发生前15 d连旱日数增加、降水量减少时,火灾面积增加。     

基于高光谱的土壤碳酸钙含量估算模型研究

土壤中碳酸钙的含量是土壤分类及肥力评价的重要依据.研究选取陕西省黄土高原区的78个黄绵土土壤样品为研究对象,在分析碳酸钙含量的基础上,采用SVC HR-1024i便携式光谱仪获取土壤样品的可见光、近红外与短波红外高光谱反射率(350～2500 nm)数据,对原始光谱曲线分别进行一阶微分、二阶微分和连续统去除3种数学变换...     

多源气象资料在森林雷击火辨识中的应用

2020年6月5日山西省沁源县发生森林火灾,通过对天气形势、雷达回波、闪电定位等多源气象资料的分析,并利用欧洲中期天气预报中心（European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,ECMWF）第五代全球大气再分析产品——ERA5,分析了此次森林火灾前期及期间的温度、降水量等气象要素演变特征,再结合现场情况调查,给出了此次森林火灾的起因。结果表明：此次森林火灾是由一次正极性地闪所导致,雷击点处于对流云边缘,闪电发生时间为6月5日15:39,电流强度42.2 kA。事故前期起火点所在区域连续2 d未发生降水,火灾发生当日该区域地面增温明显,气温为30～33℃,降水量小于0.1 mm,微风。     

历史森林火灾查询图形系统

为了在电子计算机上显示历史上发生的森林火灾，设计一套查询系统，该系统在ＩＢＭ３８６微机上运行。