往复流中双向导向叶冲动透平模型性能试验研究

研制了 30 0双向自调导叶透平试验机组 ,安装在 10 0 0活塞式往复流透平试验台上 ,对两种叶轮方案和 6种不同喷咀、扩压器进行了不同活塞行程、不同周期和不同恒定输出电压下性能试验。试验结果表明在喷咀出口角α1=2 1 5°、扩压器入口角α2 =6 5 5°和α1=2 4°、α2 =6 3°组合最佳 ,最高效率达 5 3 3% ,而且在宽广流量系数范围内 ,特别是大流量系数范围内都有较高效率。大大优于常用对称翼透平。将上下游导叶固定 ,变成双向固定导叶透平。用No 1叶轮和 6种导叶出口角组合进行试验。表明最佳导叶出口角为 2 4°～ 30°,最高效率仍达 38 5 % ,比对称翼透平仍高许多     

A CASE STUDY ON CONCENTRATION AND DECENTRALIZATION：BEHAVIOR AND DYNAMIC MECHANISM OF SPATIAL EVOLUTION IN METROPOLITAN AREA，NANJING，CHINA

In rapid socio-economic development,the process of concentration and dispersal of various elements tends to be more dramatic,tremendously influencing the shaping and transformation of the space in metropolitan area.Survey of spatial concentration and decentralization has thus become a basic method in examining metropolitan spatial evolution.In this research,three elements were selected as the essential indicators of the process:demographic density distribu-tion,employment density distribution and business office location.Performance of these elements in Nanjing City was exam-ined historically.As Nanjing City could be regarded as a representative of metropolitan areas in China,its situation large-ly suggestes the general characteristics in similar areas of China.Hence based on the investigation of Nanjing City,four general implications were highlighted.First ,metropolitan areas in China are in a violent process and shift of spatial concentra-tion and decentralization.Second,from now to at least the near future,concentration will continue to be the central fea-ture.Third,the landscape of metropolitan areas basically exhibits a dual structure character.The gap in environmental and ecological qualities among different districts will continue for a long time.Fourth,Central Business District (CBD) is playing an important role in helping to convert the traditionally single-centered city structure into a polycentric one.     

光电测距仪测程检定的新方法——回光信号法

本文结合实践,总结出了一种根据回光信号强度随距离变化的规律,来检定光电测距仪测程的新方法。该新方法使得测距仪的测程检定不再需要依赖长基线进行。     

季节冻土对土钉支护的影响

川藏交通廊道规划路线沿线滑坡锚固工程在全生命周期内将不可避免受到季节性冻土冻胀融缩的不利影响。为减缓此不利影响,本文提出基于多个挤压摩擦型屈服套的屈服装置、消能蓄能型碟簧系统,形成可双向调节预应力的锚索新结构。并对该锚索进行室内张拉试验、极限承载力试验及工作机理研究,成功研制吨位500 kN级、行程100 mm的双向调节预应力锚索。室内试验证实,单个挤压摩擦型屈服套起始屈服力为120~135 kN,平稳行程可达255 mm;屈服装置由4个挤压摩擦型屈服套及P锚组成,起始屈服力为420~450 kN,行程可达到100 mm以上;碟簧系统可实现耗能(冻胀时可抵消约60%的预应力增长)与蓄能(融缩时可抵消约40%的预应力损失)的目的。屈服行程完结后,双向调节预应力锚索极限承载力为1050kN,与传统锚索极限承载力相当。该新型锚索起始屈服力及行程具有较好的可拓展性,性能参数优于市场同类产品,可用于冻融环境及地震、大变形情形下的滑坡边坡加固,为川藏交通廊道沿线季节性冻土区滑坡、边坡防护提供了一种新的解决方案。     

磁源瞬变电磁法中心回线装置全程视电阻率定义及计算

讨论了磁源TEM中心回线装置全程视电阻率的计算问题。利用电偶极子的瞬变场叠加来计算磁源TEM中心回线装置的瞬变场,均匀半空间的计算结果表明,该方法是可行的。用电偶极子的瞬变场定义了磁源瞬变电磁法中心回线装置全程视电阻率,通过对二、三、四层电性断面的视电阻率的计算,并与TEM晚期视电阻率进行了对比,说明了该定义的优越性。实测磁源TEM资料的计算表明,用电偶极子的瞬变场定义的磁源瞬变电磁法中心回线装置全程视电阻率较好地反映了电性断面特征,其对浅层磁源TEM探测及资料解译具有使用价值。     

新型钢弹簧浮置板道床隔振试验与数值分析研究

提出了一种附加位移放大杠杆的新型钢弹簧浮置板道床隔振装置并进行了理论分析,给出了该装置基于位移放大倍数的阻尼力和耗能计算公式。同时设计制作了附加3倍位移放大的新型钢弹簧浮置板道床隔振装置并进行了地铁振动测试,试验结果表明:该装置隔振效果显著。通过建立新型钢弹簧浮置板道床隔振系统有限元分析模型,数值模拟结果与实测振动数据可进行较好的吻合,结果表明:新型钢弹簧浮置板道床隔振系统能有效地减小结构的动力响应。     

中小型海水淡化装置及其能量回收技术的开发和应用

海水淡化是解决沿海地区淡水资源短缺问题的重要途径,目前我国适用于海岛、舰船和钻井平台等工况的中小型海水淡化装置及其能量回收技术还不完善。文章分别介绍手持式、自增压式和撬装式(船用、岛用和风光油储一体化)中小型海水淡化装置系列的技术特点,并按类别分别介绍装置关键技术即能量回收技术的工作原理,提出研发中小型海水淡化装置与能量回收一体机的系列化产品可有效降低能耗、促进技术进步和满足国内需求。     

Design of a hydraulic power take-off system for the wave energy device with an inverse pendulum

This paper describes a dual-stroke acting hydraulic power take-off （PTO） system employed in the wave energy converter （WEC） with an inverse pendulum. The hydraulic PTO converts slow irregular reciprocating wave motions to relatively smooth, fast rotation of an electrical generator. The design of the hydraulic PTO system and its control are critical to maximize the generated power. A time domain simulation study and the laboratory experiment of the full-scale beach test are presented. The results of the simulation and laboratory experiments including their comparison at full-scale are also presented, which have validated the rationality of the design and the reliability of some key components of the prototype of the WEC with an inverse pendulum with the dual-stroke acting hydraulic PTO system.     

一种浮摆式波能发电装置摆板运动响应的数值模拟

海况是影响波浪能发电装置运行效率的因素之一。以浮摆式波能发电装置为基础,描述了其中摆板系统的收集原理;并基于AQWA(advanced quantitive wave analysis)水动力学计算软件,仿真计算了三种波况下各摆板的运动响应,发现波向为45°角是摆板系统的最佳运行角度;当波高不超过0.6 m时,摆板的运动状态较易趋于平衡。另外,提出了一种估算摆板采集波能的平均转换效率的方法,并基于相关拟合函数软件,计算了5种较理想波况下摆板采集波能的平均能量转换效率,结果发现,波浪的周期和波高越大,摆板的波能采集效率越低。