ISO14000环境管理系列国际标准简介

本文概述ＩＳＯ１４０００环境管理系列国际标准的产生背景、国际环境管理标准化技术委员会、已发布的五项环境管理国际标准以及宣传贯彻该系列标准的建议。     

ISO9000质量体系标准与HAF0400在核电海域工程设计中的运用

本文是作者结合核电海域工程设计任务的体会,将ＩＳＯ９０００ 系列标准与核安全法规（ＨＡＦ０４００）在工程中相结合,建立一个既符合ＩＳＯ９０００ 标准又能满足法规要求的质量保证体系。     

面对水产饲料标准的思考

水产饲料标准的颁布，规范了市场行为，但数量偏少，不利于对水产饲料质量的全面管理.我国实行推荐性饲料标准，有助于生产适销对路产品，但在卫生安全指标上仍应加以规范.     

Comparison of seismic actions and structural design requirements in Chinese code GB 50011 and international standard ISO 3010

This paper presents a comparison between the Chinese Code GB50011-2001 and the International Standard ISO3010: 2001(E), emphasizing the similarities and differences related to design requirements, seismic actions and analytical approaches. Similarities include: earthquake return period, conceptual design, site classification, structural strength and ductility requirements, deformation limits, response spectra, seismic analysis procedures, isolation and energy dissipation, and nonstructural elements. Differences exist in the following areas: seismic levels, earthquake loading, mode damping factors and structural control.     

基于规则库的三维空间数据模型

三维空间对象的形式复杂多样,对象之间的空间关系尚未形成共识.三维空间数据模型的空间及非空间关系的表达更是难以统一.典型的三维空间数据模型包括面向实体型、面向关系型和混合型3种数据模型,但这些模型存在诸如拓扑操作困难、对象语义描述不完整、关系表达欠缺等一系列不足.通过分析、综合3种模型的优缺点,以顾及拓扑面向实体的三维矢量数据模型为基础,设计了基于规则库的三维空间数据模型.这是一个将关系与对象相统一的新型数据模型.通过对对象关系的分析研究,引入规则的概念,进而构建出规则库,提出对空间对象间关系和结构统一的,完整的表达和管理方式.结合地质、矿山等应用将该三维空间数据模型在多个城市的三维地质应用中进行成功验证.通过应用,说明该模型实现了空间对象的自身结构和对象之间关系的统一表达,具备自定义、可扩展的空间对象关系表达能力,能够适应复杂应用要求,具有良好的应用前景.      

IHO S-127海上交通管理要素数据模型分析及应用

为发布和应用国际通用的标准化海上交通管理数据,通过解析IHO S-127海上交通管理产品概念模型,以及在商业电子航海图生产软件基础上进行模型和模式扩展,实现了S-127数据的编辑和输出。结合汕头港实际航行规则,制作了S-127标准测试数据集,按照E航海技术服务规范的原则和方法,在E航海系统中将S-127数据封装为标准的E航海技术服务,开发了若干向应用端提供S-127数据和返回相关助航提示或预警信息的服务接口,并通过遵循E航海标准的船端导航系统调用服务接口进行了实际应用验证,结果给出了S-127数据模型在E航海框架下的应用模式和应用场景,验证了S-127数据在海上导航服务中的有效性和便捷性。可为国内相关部门开展S-100系列标准应用研究提供参考。     

中国九龙江河口营养盐基准值研究

One of the key concerns in estuarine and coastal environments is eutrophication, which is known to be closely connected to nutrient enrichment. To control and improve surface water quality, nutrient criteria are recommended in order to provide reference conditions for the environment. However, the current datasets of nutrient criteria in China are either designed for surface water or sea water, and as such these are not suitable for assessing estuarine water quality, especially given the unique ecosystem and dynamic properties of estuaries. To address this issue in current estuarine water management, nutrient criteria have been developed for a local estuary in the southeast of China. Segmentation of the Jiulong River Estuary, China was firstly analysed through field investigations carried out during 2013–2014, which resulted in the delineation of three segments characterized by their distinct properties in relation to salinity, hydrology, ecosystems, etc. Historical records from 1997 to 2014 were then analysed using statistical modelling to develop candidate nutrient criteria for the estuary.This stage of the analysis was undertaken in combination with the study of nutrient status records from the 1980s,which were used to establish a baseline reference condition. The recommended criteria values of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN) in Segments Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ of the Jiulong River Estuary are 64, 21 and 14 μmol/L,respectively, and the corresponding values for soluble reactive phosphorus(SRP) are 0.89, 0.76 and 0.89 μmol/L,respectively. It should be emphasised that these values are site-dependent, and that different results may be achieved at other locations depending on the physical and biogeochemical characteristics of an estuary, or even a single site within a catchment. It is hoped that by demonstrating a possible methodological approach and methods of nutrient criteria derivation in the Jiulong River Estuary, the current study will offer researchers some fundamental basis from which to begin to develop more complete nutrient criteria indices for the study of nutrient conditions in other estuaries throughout China.     

基于扰动观测器的非奇异模糊滑模无人船编队控制

针对含有模型参数不确定性、外界干扰与抖振现象的无人船编队问题,提出了一种基于扰动观测器的非奇异模糊终端滑模编队控制方法。首先,将领航者–跟随者与人工势场法相结合,获得无人船的编队构型并保证无碰撞现象;其次,基于Lyapunov能量函数设计出模糊控制规则,消除了控制器中的抖振问题;进而,提出了一种扰动观测器来补偿未知动态和外界干扰,增强了系统的鲁棒性和稳定性。通过理论分析和仿真结果验证了所提控制方法的有效性。基于所设计的编队控制方法,无人船最终可形成期望的编队构型。     

一种TIN生成算法及其三维显示

基于三角网的数字高程模型可以逼真地表现地表形态。在Visual C 6.0集成开发环境中构建基于等高线数据的三角网,提高构网的速度和精度,利用0penGL完成基于TIN的三维地貌显示。     

工程风险分析中的风险当量及其评价标准

目前，量化、半量化风险分析是工程风险分析的主流。在对工程进行量化和半量化风险分析时，无论采用什么方法，风险评价指标和评价标准都是关键的重要问题。只有在建立了统一的评价指标和评价标准体系的基础上，对工程进行的风险分析能够得出正确和一致的结论。文章通过对国内外风险分析理论和实践的研究和总结，提出了在工程风险分析中确定风险评价指标和评价标准的原则和方法。