新疆白杨河流域达坂城地下水文参数及出流测评

新疆白杨河流域达坂城位于天山博格达峰山前冲击、洪积山间盆地干旱区,源于天山多支源流汇集于盆地南端峡口,形成下游并由有多支流沿程补给白杨河干流,穿越极端干旱戈壁荒漠托克逊县直至末端吐鲁番市境内尾闾—艾丁湖,是我国典型少有干旱极端干旱叠加型流域灌区。为探寻流域上游达坂城地下水文地质特征,基于潜水非完整井观测抽水试验,采用裘布衣模型和正交试验评估地下水含水层主要水文地质参数及单井出流能力。结果表明,高崖子和阿克苏河段潜水层地下水文地质平均含水层厚度H、渗透系数K和导水系数T分别为10～11 m、18～21 m/d和200～203 m/d,含水层厚度变幅与井水深动态相呼应,单井流量丰富且与渗透系数K和导水系数T相互影响较大,地下含水层渗透速率处于较高水平状态,与河流河床多戈壁砂砾地质吻合,为流域上游达坂城源流区地下水文地质及出流评估提供依据。     

黑河流域生态水文过程的观测-模型-数据分析集成研究专辑前言（英文）

Research on ecological-hydrological processes in arid/semiarid environments mainly focuses on the following aspects: 1) evolution of the current environments,2) impacts of hu? man activities and climate change,and 3) sustainable development.In the last decades,with the support of China's top science and research agencies/institutes (e.g.,Ministry of Science and Technology,MOST;National Science Foundation China,NSFC;Chinese Academy of Science,CAS),multiple integrated research projects that aim to address the above issues have been initiated from both engineering and scientific perspectives.For example,supported by the NSFC's "China's Western Region Environment and Ecology Science Research Project",in China's northwest arid region,Loess Plateau region and the southwest karst region,four key research themes have been proposed: 1) evolution and development of China's western environment,2) water cycle and sustainable use of water resources,3) ecosystem sustainability,and 4) the impact of major constructions/projects on the environment.In addition,“Heihe River Basin Integrated Water Resources Management Research Project" has been the key research project supported by the CAS,which aims to improve water use efficiency,sustain the oasis ecosystem,develop the integrated irrigation water technology,improve water resources management,protect wetland and help with the river basin water management and decision making.     

白洋淀上游河流水文变化评价研究

现有河道整体水文改变度三级评价及客观赋权法存在水文改变度与河流生态健康联系不足、容易忽略部分指标变化、不能全面体现综合评价对河流生态管理的作用等问题,本文以白洋淀上游唐河流域为例,利用Mann-Kendall突变检验法对中唐梅站1959-2016年日径流的水文变异情况进行了分析,基于改进RVA法,在充分考虑5组33个I...     

GIS支持下的澜沧江流域云南段土壤侵蚀空间分析

利用ArcView3.2和ARC/INF08.1软件,通过图层叠加、统计分析和缓冲区分析等,提取西南纵向岭谷区澜沧江流域云南段的不同类型和强度的土壤侵蚀与地形坡度、土地利用/土地覆盖现状、土壤类型和分布、大雨日数以及河流、道路两侧的缓冲区等的相应数据,计算出土壤侵蚀综合度。结果表明,研究区不同坡度等级中,15°²5°坡度上的土壤侵蚀最强,其次为8°¹5°坡地和4°⁸°坡地;>25°坡地上则较小;不同用地类型的土壤侵蚀程度不同,总体上,旱耕坡地的土壤侵蚀较草地严重,而草地又较林地严重;在各种土壤类型中,黄壤和石灰土的土壤侵蚀最为突出,其次为红壤、黄棕壤和南方水稻土等;河流两侧和道路两侧的土壤侵蚀都较整个流域要严重,而河流两侧又略重于道路两侧;当多年平均大雨日数小于20日时,土壤侵蚀程度基本上随大雨日数的增加而增加;当大雨日数大于20日时,土壤侵蚀程度反而较小,原因在于前期大雨冲刷侵蚀,带走了地表的疏松物质。研究结果可为有针对性地防治水土流失、减少河流泥沙和水库淤积提供依据。     

Livelihood strategy change and land use change —Case of Danzam Village in upper Dadu River watershed, Tibetan Plateau of China

Land use change in rural China since the 1980s, induced by institution reforms, urbanization, industrialization and population increase, has received more attention. However, case studies on how institution reforms affect farmers’ livelihood strategies and drive land use change are scarce. By means of cropland plots investigations and interviews with farmers, this study examines livelihood strategy change and land use change in Danzam Village of Jinchuan County in the upper Dadu River watershed, eastern Tibetan Plateau, China. The results show that, during the collective system period, as surplus labor forces could not be transferred to the secondary and tertiary industries, they had to choose agricultural involution as their livelihood strategy, then the farmers had to produce more grains by land reclamation, increasing multiple cropping index, improving input of labor, fertilizer, pesticide and adopting advanced agricultural techniques. During the household responsibility system period, as labors being transferred to the secondary and tertiary industries, farmers chose livelihood diversification strategy. Therefore, labor input to grain planting was greatly reduced, which drove the transformation of grain to horticulture, vegetable or wasteland and decrease of multiple cropping index. This study provides a new insight into understanding linkages among institution reforms, livelihood strategy of smallholders and land use change in rural China. Foundation item: Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40601006, 40471009), National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2005CB422006)     

数字流域中的WebGIS设计与实现

研究了基于WebGIS体系的数字流域系统的建设,提出了以渭河流域为试点的数字流域建设的设计及实现方案,实现了该流域信息的可视化及地图交互操作。     

基于TRMM数据的鄱阳湖流域降雨时空分布特征及其精度评价

基于1998-2007 年热带测雨卫星(TRMM) 3B42 V6 降雨数据分析鄱阳湖流域降雨时空分布特征, 并利用40个气象站观测日降雨数据对TRMM数据在不同子流域、不同降雨强度及不同季节里的精度进行了对比分析, 弥补了以往只评价整体精度的不足。结果显示:鄱阳湖流域北部地区修水、饶河子流域较易出现暴雨, 导致雷达信号衰减, 使TRMM对大雨强降雨的探测出现较大偏差;流域内降雨以10~50 mm为主, 其雨量占到总雨量的60%;流域降雨在年内1-3 月中旬为干旱少雨期, 3 月下旬-9 月初为湿润多雨期, 9-12 月再次进入干旱少雨期;而空间分布呈东、西部大, 中部小的格局;同时发现, 在赣南山区TRMM降雨较观测雨量低300~400 mm, 这可能受高程和坡度的影响, 使TRMM对山区降雨的探测精度也出现较大偏差。     

GIS技术和水热平衡模型在古湖泊水文重建研究中的应用——以石羊？…

首次利用ＧＩＳ技术并结合沉积学研究结果,计算全新世两个时段石羊河流域终闾湖泊的面积,建立石羊河流域水热平衡模型,进而恢复全新世两个时期的降水量。