塔东地区古城4井上寒武统—中、上奥陶统流体地球化学示踪

通过对塔东地区古城4井上寒武统和中、上奥陶统碳酸盐岩围岩及充填物的碳、氧、锶同位素地球化学和流体包裹体成分的对比研究表明,充填于中、上奥陶统和上寒武统的流体分属于2个不同来源的流体体系。充填于中、上奥陶统灰岩裂缝中方解石脉的w(87Sr)/w(86Sr)介于0.7084~0.7088,它与早奥陶世海水的w(87Sr)/w(86Sr)相近;流体体系为CH4-H2O体系;充填物与围岩间具有明显的碳、氧同位素差异,表明上部流体体系中的流体来自于奥陶系地层本身。上寒武统白云岩裂缝中方解石脉的w(87Sr)/w(86Sr)为0.7138,明显地高于同时代海水的锶同位素值;流体体系为CO2-H2O体系;下部流体体系中的流体为外来富锶流体。上、下流体体系间互不连通暗示着上寒武统地层具有相对较好的保存条件。     

Carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of car- bonate cements of different phases in terrigenous siliciclastic reservoirs and significance for their origin： A case study from sandstones of the Triassic Yanchang Formation, southwestern Ordos Basin, China

Early carbonate cements in the Yanchang Formation sandstones are composed mainly of calcite with relatively heavier carbon isotope （their δ^18O values range from -0.3‰- -0.1‰） and lighter oxygen isotope （their δ^18O values range from -22.1‰- -19.5‰）. Generally, they are closely related to the direct precipitation of oversaturated calcium carbonate from alkaline lake water. This kind of cementation plays an important role in enhancing the anti-compaction ability of sandstones, preserving intragranular volume and providing the mass basis for later disso- lution caused by acidic fluid flow to produce secondary porosity. Ferriferous calcites are characterized by relatively light carbon isotope with δ^13C values ranging from -8.02‰ to -3.23‰, and lighter oxygen isotope with δ^18O values ranging from -22.9‰ to -19.7‰, which is obviously related to the decarboxylation of organic matter during the late period of early diagenesis to the early period of late diagenesis. As the mid-late diagenetic products, ferriferous cal- cites in the study area are considered as the characteristic authigenic minerals for indicating large-scaled hydrocarbon influx and migration within the clastic reservoir. The late ankerite is relatively heavy in carbon isotope with δ^13C values ranging from -1.92‰ to -0.84‰, and shows a wide range of variations in oxygen isotopic composition, with δ^18O values ranging from -20.5‰ to -12.6‰. They are believed to have nothing to do with decarboxylation, but the previously formed marine carbonate rock fragments may serve as the chief carbon source for their precipitation, and the alkaline diagenetic environment at the mid-late stage would promote this process.     

Environmental Redox Changes of the Ancient Sea in the Yangtze Area during the Ordo-Silurian Transition

Extensive organic-matter （OM） rich facies （black shales） occur in the Ordo-Silurian boundary successions in the Yangtze area, South China. To investigate the redox changes of the Yangtze Sea during the Ordo-Silurian transition, two OM sections （Wangjiawan in Yichang, Hubei Province, and Sanjiaguan in Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province） straddling the Ordo-Silurian boundary are studied. The measurements finished in this study include contents of the total organic carbon （TOC）, pyrite sulphur, and different species of Fe, including dithionite-extractable Fe （FED）, pyrite Fe （FeP）, HCl-extractable Fe （FeH）, and total Fe （FeT）, in black shales, as well as other redox proxies, such as the SIC ratio, the ratio between highly reactive Fe （FeHR = FeD ＋ FeP） and FeT, and the FeP/（FeP ＋ FeH） ratio, known as the degree of pyritization （DOP）. In the Wangjiawan section, the Middle Ashgill sediments have high FeHR/FeT ratios （0.20-0.77; avg. 0.45）, high DOP values （0.21-0.72; avg. 0.54）, and a relatively constant sulfur content independent of the organic carbon content. By the contrast, the mid-early Hirnantian deposits generally have low FeHR/FeT ratios （0.10-0.35; avg. 0.21）, low DOP values （0.11- 0.40; avg. 0.28）, and SIC values are clustering on the normal marine value （SIC = 0.36）. The late Hirnantian and early Rhuddanian deposits, similar to those of the Middle Ashgill deposits, are characterized by high FeHR/FeT ratios （0.32-0.49; avg. 0.41）, high DOP values （0.46-0.68; avg. 0.53） and fairly constant sulfur contents. These data suggest the occurrences of marine anoxia on the Yangtze Sea shelf during intervals of the Mid Ashgill, Late Hirnantian and Early Rhuddanian, and ventilated and oxygenated marine conditions during the mid-early Hirnantian time. The mid-early Hirnantian ventilated event was concomitant with the global glacial period, likely resulted from the glacio-eustatic sea-level fall and subsequent circulation of cold, dense oxygenated waters     

RBF网络在地质样品非线性基体效应校正中的应用

基于RBF(Radial Basis Function)网络的正交最小平方算法,对攀枝花地质样品进行动态非线性基体效应校正.首先采用EDXRF仪器对样品进行测量,并对样品的荧光计数进行归一化,设计出自动分类模型和动态非线性数据基体效应校正模型的二级串联结构,用自组织神经网络(SOFM)进行分类,然后用RBF网络预测了未知样品元素Ti的百分含量.结果表明:对所预测样本的Ti的百分含量与化学分析相比的误差均小于0.5%.由此可见,用RBF方法可以有效地对地质样品进行非线性基体效应校正,能够达到工矿生产的要求.     

川西坳陷中段天然气碳同位素特征及其成因类型

川西坳陷中段天然气的组份以烃类气体为主,占气体总体积的98.1%～99.7%;非烃气体以CO,2和N2为主,其含量分别占气体的0.12%～1.32%和0.25%～1.54%;烃类气体中以甲烷占绝对优势,平均含量为95.83%;重烃含量较低,平均为3.21%;干燥系数(C1/C,1-5>)平均为0.97,整体上属典型的干气.川西坳陷中段的所有样品δ13C,2都大于-25.8‰,属于典型的煤型气范畴,天然气的δ13C,1δ'13C,2δ13C,3,呈明显的正序排列,显示出天然气为典型的有机成因.甲烷碳同位素组成,反映了其母质演化程度已处于成熟～高成熟阶段,且以高成熟阶段为主.     

电离层电子浓度总含量梯度对GPS差分定位精度的影响

针对GPS定位测量的信号传播路径误差,分析了电离层电子浓度总含量梯度对差分定位精度的影响,利用L1载波重点讨论了1999年-2000年太阳活动期间低纬度赤道异常地区GPS差分定位精度的问题,同时验证对于长基线采用GPS广域差分技术可以使电离层定位误差得到明显提高。     

大民屯凹陷烃源岩有机质丰度的恢复

烃源岩有机质丰度的恢复具有重要的现实和理论意义。笔者在对比多种方法的基础上,对大民屯凹陷的烃源岩的有机质丰度进行了恢复。     

滇西沘江流域水体中重金属元素的地球化学特征

通过测定流经兰坪金顸铅锌矿区的沘江水体中Pb、Zn、Cd、As的含量和底泥中重金属元素的化学形态的含量,分析了重金属元素的分布和化学形态的变化。结果表明,沘江水遭到了Cd污染,底泥已经成为重金属元素的蓄积库,以国家土壤环境质量标准（Ⅲ级）衡量,Pb、Zn、Cd和舡分别超标3．4倍、15．8倍、106倍和2．6倍。沘江水中重金属元素含量的峰值在矿山附近的下游,而底泥中重金属元素的峰值在矿山下游30-50km的地方,矿业活动、水流变缓、pH等水体环境条件的变化都能影响水和底泥中重金属元素的含量。底泥中的Pb以碳酸盐结合态为主,Zn和Cd以铁锰氧化物结合态为主,而As以残渣态为主。Pb、Cd、Zn三种元素的环境有效态含量比较高,对沘江流域生态环境具有潜在的巨大的危害。     

基于奇异值分解法的含量-面积法对化探异常的确定

地球化学场的数据通常具有分形的特征。应用奇异值分解方法对元素含量数据矩阵进行分解,对奇异值进行分形统计,得到了分形模型。重建元素含量的数据矩阵。然后利用含量-面积的分形方法对重建后的数据矩阵进行分形处理。使用MAPGIS软件进行统计分析,得出研究地区元素的异常下限,做出元素异常分布图,并与该地区已知矿点的分布图进行叠加分析,预测潜在的成矿区。     

有机地球化学发展与油气勘探的不解之缘——访王铁冠院士

<正>采访时间:2007年8月31日采访地点:中国石油大学(北京)王铁冠院士办公室编:王院士,您好!首先,非常感谢您接受《海相油气地质》期刊的采访。