红色中缢虫的生物学特征及其爆发赤潮成因分析

海洋纤毛虫红色中缢虫(Mesodinium rubrum)是一种全世界广泛分布的赤潮生物,从热带、温带到极地水域都有分布,以河口沿岸、上升流区比较常见[1].作为一种具有部分自养性的浮游动物,虽然自身没有毒性,但引发赤潮时会大量消耗水体中的营养盐和溶解氧,使有机物积累,造成近岸甲壳类和软体类动物死亡[1,2],影响其他浮游植物的光合作用[3],引起了国际上的广泛重视.     

楚科奇海浮冰区夏季短期颗粒有机物通量及其主要组分

中国首次北极科学考察期间 ,于 8月 2 0- 2 3日在楚科奇海浮冰区联合冰站实施了为期 4天的短期颗粒有机物通量研究。结果显示真光层的颗粒有机碳通量为 1 .582mgCm- 2 day- 1 ,2 2 0m深层为 1 .339mgCm- 2 day- 1 ,而相应的沉降颗粒物总通量分别高达 8.788和 1 0 .30 3mgm- 2 day- 1 。显示北极浮冰区的夏季融冰季节后期 ,颗粒有机碳通量的水平较低。与颗粒有机碳通量水平相似 ,生源硅和活性磷的通量水平也较低。对硅藻通量组份的分析表明 ,真光层沉降硅藻的优势种为Nitzschiacf.seriata、Naviculaglacialis和Melosirasp .,而 2 2 0m层则Lepto cylindrussp .占绝对优势 ,其丰度数量百分比均超过 70 %。硅藻碳通量的绝对值较低 ,为0 .1 0 7- 0 .1 1 3mgCm- 2 day- 1 。然而 ,真光层大型桡足类的碳估算值高达 1 0 8.67mgCm- 2day- 1 ,占浮游动物总碳量的 95 .3 % ,大型浮游动物的表观碳通量高于浮游植物碳通量 2- 3个数量级 ,显示楚科奇海夏季融冰期高浮游动物碳量、低浮游植物碳量的特点。但浮游动物表观碳量高的主要原因与浮游动物的昼夜垂直运动有关 ,却并非是实际向深层海洋传输的碳量     

海水中酚类有机物在粘土或沉积物上吸附特性的模拟研究

研究了海水中７种酚类有机污染物在粘土矿物及海洋沉积物上的吸附特征;发现了酚在粘土或沉积物上的吸附平衡常数与其水溶解度之间的线性自由能关系,。     

深海海水有妙用

所谓深层海水，是指海洋深处的水。它营养丰富，温度低，一般在1-9℃，清洁少菌。这是因为海洋深处几乎没有太阳光的射入，有机物分解的速度远远高于合成的速度。而在有机物大量分解的过程中，会产生极为丰富的含氮和磷的营养成分。所以，在距陆地5公里的范围内，离海面300米以下的地方，藏有大量的这种深层海水。     

海洋漩涡增强全球变暖

洋流能够把海底的碳和营养物质“吸”上来,从而促进海洋有机物的生长。一项新的研究表明,洋流似乎不能减少地球大气中二氧化碳的生成,恰恰相反,它很可能最终成为温室气体的一个稳定来源。     

崇明东滩修复湿地水域有机物与营养盐的主要来源解析

为阐明崇明东滩修复湿地水环境现状及其有机物和营养盐的主要来源,以东滩修复湿地区最大的开阔水面为研究对象,通过长期现场采样,测定水体中C、N、P浓度,并结合实验室模拟和稳定同位素示踪实验,分析了修复湿地水体中有机物和N/P营养盐的现状及其季节特征,并探索了其主要来源和贡献权重。结果表明：东滩修复湿地区域水体中有机物浓度显著高于修复区域外潮汐水体,而营养盐含量基本相同或略低于堤外潮汐。修复湿地水体中有机碳含量变化仅与季节变化有关(r=0.501,P<0.05),NO₃^--N含量变化和水位有较强相关性(r=0.655,P<0.05)。修复湿地内的植物腐烂是有机物的主要来源(72.3%),同时也是营养盐的主要来源之一。通过适时收割修复湿地的枯萎植物,能显著降低修复湿地水体中TOC含量和氮磷营养盐含量。研究结果将为强化湿地管理、维持修复湿地的水环境质量提供理论指导。     

水景观“铲绿”太荒唐

<正>某城市拦河造湖上百公顷,使城市增添了几分灵气。可多年来,该城市一直沿习着"铲绿"的习惯,即:组织人员定期清除湖内的杂木、灌丛、水草,理由是为了湖水的清洁和湖区卫生。据了解,城市水景观"铲绿"的现象并非个案,有"铲绿"习惯的城市,水景观大都长年不见绿色,致使与绿色相依存的物种不能存活,水元素成为水景观的唯一。绿色对水景观来说,真的可有可无?答案是否定的。从生态学的角度讲,任何生态     

The proportions and variations of the light absorption coefficients of major ocean color components in the East China Sea

The East China Sea (ECS),one of the largest continental seas,has dynamic hydrology and complex optical characteristics that make ocean color remote-sensing retrieval difficult.The distributions and proportions of the light absorption coefficients of major ocean color components based on two large-scale investigations in the ECS are presented,showing these features in typical summer and winter seasons.The absorption coefficient a CDOM,a NAP and a phy of colored dissolved organic matter,non-algal particle,and pigment of phytoplankton show a decreasing trend from the coast to the outer shelf.According to the a CDOM distribution at 440 nm,the Changjiang River plume shows an abnormal southeastward transport.An extremely high a NAP value patch at 440 nm is present in the middle coast.The chlorophyll-a-specific phytoplankton pigment absorption (a phy) is much higher in winter than in summer,which may cause serious underestimated results when applying the averaged a phy into remote-sensing algorithms for chlorophyll concentration retrieval.The importance of phytoplankton size was evident in outer shelf waters.The absorption of a CDOM (440) is a dominant component accounting for over half of the total seawater absorption in summer.The a NAP (440) accounts for 64% of the absorption of the ECS coastal area in winter.     

长江口盐沼土壤有机质更新特征的滩面趋势

Characteristics and tidal flat trends of soil organic matter （SOM） turnover were studied for the Chongmingdongtan Salt Marsh in the Yangtze River estuary, based on analyses of stable carbon isotope composition （δ^13C）, grain sizes and contents of particulate organic carbon （POC）, total nitrogen （TN） and inorganic carbon （TIC） for three cores excavated from high tidal flat, middle tidal flat and bare flat. Results demonstrate that correlations between soil POC contents and δ^13C values of the salt marsh cores were similar to those between soil organic carbon （SOC） contents and δ^13C values of the upper soil layers of mountainous soil profiles with different altitudes. SOM of salt marsh was generally younger than 100 years, and originated mainly from topsoil erosions in catchments of the Yangtze River. Correlations of TN content with C/N ratio, POC content with TIC content and POC content with δ^13C values for the cores suggest that turnover degrees of SOM from the salt marsh are overall low, and trends of SOM turnover are clear from the bare flat to the high tidal flat. Bare flat samples show characteristics of original sediments, with minor SOM turnover. Turnover processes of SOM have occurred and are discernable in the high and middle tidal flats, and the mixing degrees of SOM compartments with different turnover rates increase with evolution of the muddy tidal flat. The exclusive strata structure of alternate muddy laminae and silty laminae originated from dynamic depositional processes on muddy tidal flat was a great obstacle to vertical migration of dissolved materials, and SOM turnover was then constrained. The muddy tidal flat processes exerted direct influences on sequestration and turnover of SOM in the salt marsh, and had great constraints on the spatial and temporal characteristics of SOM turnover of the Chongmingdongtan Salt Marsh in the Yangtze River estuary.     

考虑有机物降解的变形试验和计算方法研究

垃圾土变形中有机物降解是一个非常重要的因素,又是很复杂的过程。进行了温度与湿度小范围波动、无压力、持水率条件下有机物降解的质量跟踪试验和垃圾土柱沉降试验,且在质量跟踪试验中还进行了淋滤液产生量的同步测定,分析了有机物降解的质量变化、质量变化速率的规律,初步明确了有机物降解的规律性结论。在质量跟踪试验的基础上,初步提出了有机物降解随时间变化规律的数学表达和3个基本计算参数的确定方法,计算结果与试验结果比较接近。用质量跟踪试验的研究结果对垃圾土柱试验进行了计算模拟,分别计算和分析了次压缩和有机物降解沉降随时间变化的过程。计算结果表明,在总的长期沉降中有机物降解引起的沉降比次压缩影响要大,考虑有机物降解和次压缩的计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。