雷达遥感六十年：四个阶段的发展

雷达遥感问世60年来已经历了4个阶段的发展,其在对地观测中的作用正日益凸显,已经广泛应用于不同领域。4个阶段分别是单波段单极化阶段,多波段多极化阶段,极化和干涉阶段,以及以双/多站或星座、高时序高分宽幅、3维成像为代表的新阶段。本文结合作者长期在雷达遥感领域的研究经历,总结和回顾了雷达遥感的阶段发展和具有里程碑式的代表性技术;从观测技术、数据处理和应用角度阐述了新阶段雷达遥感的发展趋势,以及雷达遥感与人工智能和大数据结合的思考;最后着眼未来,介绍了月基雷达对地观测平台的前瞻性研究。     

疏勒河干流降水时空分布研究

疏勒河流域属于内流河流域的一部分,位于甘肃省河西走廊西端,流域降水分布规律较强,属大陆性干旱气候,主要受北部冷空气气旋和局部天气影响。为掌握疏勒河干流降水时空分布规律,基于疏勒河干流雨量站1956-2015年近60 a的降水量观测资料,分析该流域降水时空分布及变化特征,建立模比数差积曲线,还原各雨量站年降水量的丰枯变化情况,分析降水年内、年际和空间变化规律。结果表明：疏勒河干流流域站点年内时空分布规律为前山区降水量大,绿洲盆地区降水量比较小,降水量一般集中在5-9月,7月份多年雨量最大;从降水量的年际分布规律分析看,山前各代表站年际降水过程线基本一致。疏勒河流域干流降水时空分布特点具有一定的区域性,流域前山区降水量增加显著减少,其中疏勒河中段(昌马河上游)及党河流域不显著减少;绿洲盆地区不显著增加,北山区(山地丘陵)趋势项增强显著,趋势变化程度减缓。研究结果为该区域水资源动态分析工作提供借鉴。     

内蒙古地区四季和年降水量趋势分析

利用1970—2019年内蒙古地区110个国家站降水量资料,采用经验正交函数(EOF）分析、重标极差分析(R/S)和非周期循环分析,统计四季和年降水量时间序列的Hurst指数(H)、分维数(D)和非周期循环的平均循环长度,分析降水量变化趋势和记忆周期。结果表明：(1)内蒙古地区年降水量变化呈增多趋势,其中在东部的偏东地区增多最显著,变化趋势具有持续性特征,持续时间为8 a,但在内蒙古西部的偏南地区和东部的局地区域年降水量呈减少趋势;(2)春季、秋季和冬季年降水量的年代变化呈增多趋势,夏季呈减少趋势,特别是冬季在东部的偏北地区的个别区域Hurst指数H=1,呈现完全预测特征,降水量未来趋势为增多趋势且通过95%的显著性检验;(3)四季降水量过去的增量与未来的增量都呈正相关,夏季降水量减少趋势的持续性最弱,冬季降水量增多趋势的持续性最强,春季、夏季、秋季和冬季的记忆长度分别为8 a、8 a、9 a和10 a。     

Wavelet analysis and nonparametric test for climate change in Tarim River Basin of Xinjiang during 1959–2006

Using wavelet analysis, regression analysis and the Mann-Kendall test, this paper analyzed time-series (1959–2006) weather data from 23 meteorological stations in an attempt to characterize the climate change in the Tarim River Basin of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. Major findings are as follows: 1) In the 48-year study period, average annual temperature, annual precipitation and average annual relative humidity all presented nonlinear trends. 2) At the 16-year time scale, all three climate indices unanimously showed a rather flat before 1964 and a detectable pickup thereafter. At the 8-year time scale, an S-shaped nonlinear and uprising trend was revealed with slight fluctuations in the entire process for all three indices. Incidentally, they all showed similar pattern of a slight increase before 1980 and a noticeable up-swing afterwards. The 4-year time scale provided a highly fluctuating pattern of periodical oscillations and spiral increases. 3) Average annual relative humidity presented a negative correlation with average annual temperature and a positive correlation with annual precipitation at each time scale, which revealed a close dynamic relationship among them at the confidence level of 0.001. 4) The Mann-Kendall test at the 0.05 confidence level demonstrated that the climate warming trend, as represented by the rising average annual temperature, was remarkable, but the climate wetting trend, as indicated by the rising annual precipitation and average annual relative humidity, was not obvious.     

Effects of wind waves of the Pacific westerly on the eastern Pacific wave transport

There exists a tongueshaped swelldominance pool known as Swell Pool (SP) in the Eastern Pacific region. The monthlymean wave transports (WT) for each month of 2000 is computed using the wave products of ECMWF reanalysis data. By comparing the 2000 monthlymean WT and monthlymean wind field from QUICKSCAT, large differences are found between the wave transport direction and the wind direction over the Eastern Pacific. This may serve as an evidence for the existence of the SP in this region. The work done in this study indicates that the sources of swell in the Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) are in the westerly regions of the Southern and Northern Pacific.     

运用GAMIT10.34解算成都地区的GPS可降水量

基于麻省理工学院（MIT）2008年发布的GAMIT最新版（v10．34）,就其在Linux操作系统上的安装方法以及解算天顶总延迟（ZI＇D）和反演PwV的流程进行探讨,并以成都地区地基GPS观测网的运用为例,总结GAMIT软件的使用经验及注意事项。     

冷水江市局开晨“安全生产月”活动

为贯彻“以人为本,安全第一,依法办矿,守界开采”的工作方针,提升采矿权人的安全生产意识,确保矿山企业安全生产和人民群众生命财产安全,冷水江市国土资源局成立了“安全生产活动月”领导小组,并制定出台了切实可行的实施方案,安排专项活动经费,开展了多形式、全方位的宣传活动。     

青岛市降水百年变化规律的初步探讨

本文利用青岛站１９００～１９９７年各年度和各月降水资料,分析了各年代的年度和４季平均距平百分率等变化特征,同时,利用周期图展开方法,探讨了青岛市近百年来和未来二十几年的年度降水变化规律。     

显式完全平方守恒差分格式在近岸海流数值模拟中的应用

用显式完全平方守恒差分格式及其改进分解算法对南海月平均流和海面起伏进行了数值模拟，与隐式完全平方守恒差分格式相比，计算时间可省３—５倍，具有良好的时间效益，而且，其计算效果不比隐式完全平方守恒差分格式差。因此，显式完全平方守恒差分格式及其改进分解算法具有良好的实用价值。