中国西北干旱内陆河流域分布式出山径流模型

In order to predict the futuristic runoff under global warming, and to approach to the effects of vegetation on the ecological environment of the inland river mountainous watershed of Northwest China, the authors use the routine hydrometric data to create a distributed monthly model with some conceptual parameters, coupled with GIS and RS tools and data. The model takes sub-basin as the minimal confluent unit, divides the main soils of the basin into 3 layers, and identifies the vegetation types as forest and pasture. The data used in the model are precipitation, air temperature, runoff, soil weight water content, soil depth, soil bulk density, soil porosity, land cover,etc. The model holds that if the water amount is greater than the water content capacity, there will be surface runoff. The actual evaporation is proportional to the product of the potential evaporation and soil volume water content. The studied basin is Heihe mainstream mountainous basin, with a drainage area of 10,009 km^2. The data used in this simulation are from Jan. 1980 to Dec. 1995, and the first 10 years‘ data are used to simulate, while the last 5 years‘ data are used to calibrate. For the simulation process, the Nash-Sutcliffe Equation, Balance Error and Explained Variance is 0.8681,5.4008 and 0.8718 respectively, while for the calibration process, 0.8799, -0.5974 and 0.8800 respectively. The model results show that the futuristic runoff of Heihe river basin will increase a little. The snowmelt, glacier meltwater and the evaportranspiration will increase. The air temperature increment will make the permanent snow and glacier area diminish, and the snowline will rise. The vegetation, especially the forest in Heihe mountainous watershed, could lead to the evapoWanspimtion decrease of the watershed, adjust the runoff orocess, and increase the soil water content.     

ON STRONG SIGNALS OF MONTHLY PRECIPITATION ANOMALIES IN EARLY RAINING SEASON OF GUANGDONG AND CONCEPTUAL MODELS OF PREDICTION

Reanalysis data from NCEP/NCAR are used to systematically study preceding signals of monthly precipitation anomalies in the early raining season of Guangdong province, from the viewpoints of 500-hPa geopotential height field, outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) field, sea surface temperature (SST) and fourteen indexes of general circulation depicting atmosphere activity at high, middle and low latitutes. Being multiple tools of information, a number of conceptual models are formulated that are useful for prediction of the magnitude of monthly precipitation (drought, flood and normal conditionss).     

动因与机制——对旅游地社会文化环境变迁理论的研究

制约旅游地社会文化环境变迁的动因主要在于外界旅游流对旅游地的静态平衡系统产生冲击和干扰,分析旅游地社会文化环境变迁,必须从构成"流"的要素入手;旅游者及其携带而来的物能流与旅游地各主体要素(政府机构、旅游企业、旅游地原生居民等)的竞争与协调产生旅游地社会文化环境变迁的动力机制.     

Atmospheric hydrological budget with its effects over Tibetan Plateau

1IntroductionThe Tibetan Plateau is the most prominent feature located at unique latitudes in the world and shows special dynamic and thermal effects, thus responsible for a conspicuous hydrological cycle in the atmosphere within Asian monsoon areas, and an extremely sensitive region of land-air interactions in East Asia. A lot of researches have dealt with Tibetan dynamic and thermal effects on atmospheric circulation (Ye and Gao, 1979; Zhang etal., 1988; Ye and Fang, 1999; Zheng etal., 2…     

环太湖地区汛期降水量与太湖水位的关系

本文利用环太湖地区站点的月降水资料,用曲面拟合方法作客观分 析,与太湖水位进行相关性研究。用环太湖地区的当月降水量建立下个月太湖水位 的预报方程。     

黄淮地区月极端气温概率模型研究

利用黄淮地区 1 4个国家基本 (准 )站 1 951～ 1 993年的月极端气温资料序列 ,分别进行了正态、Gumbel、Weibell概率分布拟合试验。根据拟合检验值和误差 ,确定了各站月极端最高气温和极端最低气温的概率分布模型     

网状河流和分汊河流的河型归属讨论

河流的河道平面形态分类有多种方案 ,其中Rust的分类因为分出了网状河流而得到沉积学家的更多关注。中国地貌学界和水利学界则更关注钱宁的分类 ,其中包括分汊河流。目前 ,许多研究人员把网状河流和分汊河流当作同一类型的河流。文中从河型的定义、河道平面形态、地下沉积物特征、水动力、新河道形成机理和发育的地貌部位等方面对分汊河流和网状河流进行对比 ,根据对比结果认为它们是不同的河型。为了便于沉积学家、水利学家以及地貌学家之间相互交流各自有关河流的研究成果 ,需要提出一个更符合实际的冲积河流分类方案。     

地幔中自然铁-偏离正常矿物化学成分的矿物交生体与深源流-岩作用

报道了金伯利岩的橄榄岩捕虏体中自然铁－偏离正常矿物化学成分的矿物（ＮＳＭ）文象交生体的电子探针分析结果。该交生体可能是含自然铁和偏离正常矿物化学成分的方铁矿组合构成的深源流体作用于岩石圈地幔并经过固溶体分解的产物。     

强夯的地面变形规律

根据工程实测资料,分析了强夯时的夯坑夯沉量的影响因素与变化规律,提出了初步估算夯击时夯坑深度和场地平均夯沉量的经验方程。     

潮汐水域中污水侧向排放的数值模拟

基于N-S方程,采用深度平均的应力-通量代数全场模型,模拟流场及热水或污染物侧向排入大水体的各向异性的输移扩散规律。模型中采用深度平均的连续、动量、浓度方程进行潮汐流动的数值模拟计算,潮流采用非对称潮流,模拟结果给出了一个周期内流场、污染物浓度场随时间的变化特征。所得的数值结果与他人的模型实验结果非常一致,而较其他结果更合理,说明本模型的合理性和可靠性。