冬季青藏高原地面加热与春季川渝地区气温关系的分析

应用奇异值分解(SVD)技术，研究了青藏高原地面加热场与东亚地区上空500hPa高度场及其东侧川渝地区春季气温场的时空联系和冷暖异常成因。结果表明：前期冬季青藏高原地面加热场与后期春季高度场的第一模态代表了两场间的主要耦合特征，具有显的时空相关；前期冬季青藏高原地面加热场通过影响后期春季500hPa高度场，导致高原东侧川渝地区春季气温异常；冬季高原地面加热场强度偏强(弱)，则后期春季东亚上空500hPa高度场偏高(低)，川渝地区春季气温偏高(低)；加热场高度场一气温场之间的这种非同步联系，表明冬季青藏高原地面加热场异常，通过影响未来春季大气环流变化，是造成高原东侧川渝地区春季气温异常的重要原因。     

Quantifying temporal changes in Tornionjoki river ice breakup dates and spring temperatures in Lapland since 1802

Cryophenological records （i.e. observational series of freeze and breakup dates of ice） are of great importance when assessing the environmental variations in cold regions. Here we employed the extraordinarily long observational records of river ice breakup dates and air temperatures in northern Fennoscandia to examine their interrelations since 1802. Historical observations, along with modern data, comprise the informational setting for this analysis carried out using t-test. Temperature history of April-May season was used as cli- matic counterpart for the breakup timings. Both records （temperature and breakup） showed seven sub-periods during which their local means were distinctly different relative to preced- ing and subsequent sub-periods. The starting and ending years of these sub-periods oc- curred in temporal agreement. The main findings of this study are summarized as follows： （1） the synchrony between the temperature and river ice breakup records ruled out the possibility that the changes would have occurred due to quality of the historical series （i.e. inhomoge- neity problems often linked to historical time-series）; （2） the studied records agreed to show lower spring temperatures and later river ice breakups during the 19th century, in comparison to the 20th century conditions, evidencing the prevalence of cooler spring temperatures in the study region, in agreement with the concept of the Little Ice Age （1570-1900） climate in North-West Europe; （3） the most recent sub-period demonstrate the highest spring tem- peratures with concomitantly earliest river ice breakups, showing the relative warmth of the current springtime climate in the study region in the context of the past two centuries; （4） the effects of anthropogenic changes in the river environment （e.g. construction and demolition of dams） during the 20th century should be considered for non-climatic variations in the breakup records; （5） this study emphasizes the importance of multi-centurial （i.e. historical） cryo- phenological information for highly interesting viewpoints of climate and environmental his- tory.     

阿坝州知期森林火险等级划分及预报

在分析阿坝州冬春季防火期气象条件的基础上，确定了日森林火险等级，运用T213数值预报产品，建立森林火险预报方法。     

北极涛动、极涡活动异常对北半球欧亚大陆冬季气温的影响

利用1951-2012年NCEP/NCAR全球月平均500 hPa高度场、气温场等再分析资料,北极涛动（AO）指数,北半球及其4个分区的极涡指数等资料,分析极涡和AO对北半球特别是欧亚大陆冬季气温异常分布的影响。北半球极涡面积指数与北半球气温相关场呈由北向南的“+、-”分布,显著正相关中心位于极区,显著负相关中心位于欧亚大陆中高纬度地区;AO指数与气温的相关场分布与此反位相。极涡各分区面积指数体现与各大洲气温显著相关的地域特征,尤其是亚洲极涡面积指数比AO的相关区域更偏向亚洲和中国东部及沿海地区,能表征亚洲大陆冬季风向中低纬度爆发的某些特征。2006年以来AO指数呈较明显的下降趋势,北半球、亚洲区极涡面积指数呈显著的上升趋势,这是有利于欧亚大陆近几年连续冬季气温异常偏低的年代际背景;2009-2011年北半球欧亚大陆冬季大范围低温事件,不仅与冬季AO负位相明显变强有关（2011年除外）,与北半球以及亚洲区极涡面积指数偏大联系更为密切,亦表明该区域冬季变冷的自然变率明显增强。     

双流县春季气候变化特征分析

利用四川省双流县1965~2008年春季降水、温度资料,分析双流县44年的春季气候变化特征。结果表明:①双流县3~5月降水的变化有1.52年、6.96年、18.36年的主要时间尺度;双流县3~5月温度的变化有10.56年时间尺度。②双流县春季降水的突变发生在20世纪80年代中期,自此以后降水逐渐由多变少;温度的突变发生在20世纪90年代中期,自此以后温度逐渐由偏低变为偏高;降水的突变早于温度的突变。③根据春季降水量和温度的主要时间尺度,估计近期春季降水量可能偏少;近期春季温度总体趋势可能偏高。     

2022年2月中下旬桂北一次低温雨雪天气过程成因分析

本文利用观测资料、广西中尺度自动站资料及FNL资料,分析了2022年2月中下旬影响桂北的一次低温雨雪冰冻天气。分析表明：（1）过程期间中高纬为两槽一脊型,乌拉尔山高压脊强盛发展,东移缓慢;脊前的强冷空气与南支槽前的西南暖湿气流在华南交汇为此次低温雨雪天气的产生提供了有利的环流形势。此次过程产生的重要原因是低层强锋区稳定维持。（2）从降雨转为雨夹雪,温度垂直结构,逆温层的高度、厚度及强度、0度层的高度,近地面融化层的厚度、地面温度都有显著变化。（3）持续的中低层水汽输送和辐合利于冰冻雨雪天气的发生及维持（4）湿层厚度的变化对雨雪相态的转化有一定的指示意义。     

南亚高压异常与平流层环流的春季转变

本文利用综合指数对夏季南亚高压作了强、弱划分,着重研究了相应前期的平流层30、50百帕月平均环流特点,结果表明:南亚高压(及其南侧热带东风带)异常强(弱)年春季,高纬平流层环流存在明显差异。如:阿留申高压进入极地早(迟),早春高纬纬向风异常弱(强),4月纬向2波振幅异常弱(强)等,实际上说明平流层中、下部环流春季转变早(迟)与夏季南亚高压强(弱)基本对应。文中还简要讨论了变化的可能过程。     

冬季北太平洋风暴轴纬向变化特征及其与我国极端低温频次的可能联系

采用NCEP/NCAR和ERA40再分析资料,分析了垂直方向上冬季北太平洋风暴轴纬向结构的时空演变特征,揭示了北太平风暴轴纬向结构具有显著年际、年代际变化特征。冬季北太平洋风暴轴纬向结构主要呈现出全区一致、东西反相两种分布型("A"型和"B"型),细分为整体一致性强型("A+"型)、整体一致性弱型("A-"型)、东弱西强型("B+"型)和东强西弱型("B-"型)。研究表明:冬季北太平洋风暴轴的纬向结构与我国极端低温频次的关系密切,风暴轴呈"A+"("A-")型纬向结构时,我国整体区域极端低温频次偏少(多);风暴轴呈"B+"("B-")纬向结构时,我国全区极端低温频次偏多(少)。     

Influence of the Asian-Pacific Oscillation on Spring Precipitation over Central Eastern China

The linkage between the Asian-Pacific oscillation(APO)and the precipitation over central eastern China in spring is preliminarily addressed by use of the observed data.Results show that they correlate very well,with the positive(negative)phase of APO tending to increase(decrease)the precipitation over central eastern China.Such a relationship can be explained by the atmospheric circulation changes over Asia and the North Pacific in association with the anomalous APO.A positive phase of APO,characterized by a positive anomaly over Asia and a negative anomaly over the North Pacific in the upper-tropospheric temperature,corresponds to decreased low-level geopotential height(H)and increased high-level H over Asia,and these effects are concurrent with increased low-level H and decreased high-level H over the North Pacific.Meanwhile,an anticyclonic circulation anomaly in the upper troposphere and a cyclonic circulation anomaly in the lower troposphere are introduced in East Asia,and the low-level southerly wind is strengthened over central eastern China.These changes provide advantageous conditions for enhanced precipitation over central eastern China.The situation is reversed in the negative phase of APO,leading to reduced precipitation in this region.     

南极涛动异常及其对冬春季北半球大气环流影响的数值模拟试验

利用IAP9L-AGCM模式考察了模式中与南极涛动异常相关的海温敏感区,发现南半球高纬海温异常能够强迫出南极涛动异常,而赤道东太平洋海温异常与太平洋南美型密切相关.研究了南极涛动异常对冬春季北半球大气环流及亚洲北部气温的影响,结果表明,南极涛动加强,能够引起北半球高纬环流异常和欧亚西风加强,以及亚洲北部地表气温和850 hPa气温显著增温.数值模拟支持了已有的诊断结果,也证实了冬春季节南极涛动异常下两半球高纬间的经向遥相关存在.