Recent Changes Occurred in the Terminus of the Debris-covered Bilafond Glacier in the Karakoram Himalayas Using Remotely Sensed Images and Digital Elevation Models (1978-2011)

Recent changes occurred in terminus of the debris-covered Bilafond Glacier in the Karakoram Range in the Himalayas, Northern Pakistan was investigated in this research. Landsat MSS, TM and ETM＋ images were used for this study. Digital elevation models derived from ASTER GDEM and SRTM were also utilized. Visible, infrared and thermal infrared channels were utilized in order to get accurate glacier change maps. Three methods were tried to map this debris-covered glacier in this research. The glacier has been mapped successfully and the changes in the glacier terminus from 1978 to 2011 have been calculated. Manual, semi-automatic and thermal methods were found to give similar results. It was found that the glacier has undergone serious ablation during this period despite of the fact that many of the larger glaciers in the Hindu Kush and Karakoram mountain regions in the Upper Indus Basin were reported to be expanding. The terminus has been moved back about 600 meters during this period and there was an abrupt change in the glacier terminus during 1990-2002. We propose that debris thickness is not the only factor that influences the glacier ablation but the altitude of the debris-covered glacier as well. Many glaciers in the Karakoram region reported to be expanding were having higher altitudes compared to the study area.     

弹性特征约束下的矿物成分页岩脆性评价方法研究

脆性评价对页岩储层可压裂性评估、设计压裂层段、提升压裂改造效果具有重要意义.但传统基于矿物成分的脆性评价方法将不同矿物成分对脆性指数贡献程度进行平均化, 忽略了不同矿物对岩石脆性影响的差异性.本文采用数字岩石物理实验来标定不同矿物成分对岩石脆性整体特征的影响程度, 定量分析了岩石弹性参数随矿物组分含量的变化关系, 采用基于弹性参数的脆性指数来建立不同矿物成分对页岩脆性的差异性影响关系, 建立不同矿物组分相较于黏土矿物与脆性指数的相对关系及敏感因子, 在弹性参数脆性指数的约束下确定了不同矿物成分在脆性指数中的权重, 提出了基于矿物成分贡献程度自适应变化的脆性评价方法.矿物脆性评价结果与弹性参数脆性评价结果的相关性分析及下寺湾地区岩样脆性评价测试表明, 考虑不同矿物成分的差异性所构建的脆性评价方法更加合理有效.

     

大数据环境下数字填图数据集成服务技术

应用数字填图技术形成了大量地质填图图幅数据,这些数据空间结构化和非结构化特征并存,如何在网络环境下提供高效的数据服务是急需解决的一个难题。大数据技术的发展为数字填图、数据集成服务提供了一种新的途径。通过对数字填图数据特征的分析,在研究地质调查信息网格大数据处理框架的基础上,提出了结构化和非结构化数据相结合的有序化组织管理、发布与服务方法,并对关键技术进行了研究与试验,取得了良好的效果。     

煤矿三维地震勘探技术发展趋势

我国煤田三维地震勘探经过20余年的发展,已成为当前煤田地质勘探的主流技术,随着煤矿采掘现代化及安全保障系统对勘探精度要求的提高,三维地震勘探技术也须与之相适应,不断地探索与发展。参考近年来相关研究成果与勘探实例,对可在煤田地质勘探中大面积推广应用的三维地震勘探技术进行了介绍,其中包括：高密度空间采样、数字检波器、高精度静校正技术、叠前时间（深度）偏移技术、分频解释技术、波阻抗反演技术、相干体技术,同时也简要介绍了在煤田勘探方面有发展前景的多分量及各向异性技术。     

野外采样数字装图法

野外采样数字装图法的基本思想,是在开阔地区用电子速测仪直接测定地形点的坐标,并用便携式微机进行图形的实时编辑;而在半开阔地区和荫蔽地区则用电子速测仪测定少量明显地物点作骨干点,再用勘丈记录计算法和勘丈绘图数字化法,将一块一块的数字图形装进图幅中。