三维高密度电阻率法在堤坝工程中的模拟试验

为检测堤坝中裂隙、洞穴及渗漏层等隐患的存在,利用三维高密度电阻率法对数字模型和物理模型建立的裂隙隐患进行探测,结果表明室内建立的物理模型在立体图和分层切片图中裂隙的形态有些变化,但其分布范围、位置与相对各自模型中实际的比例尺寸相差不大,说明数值模拟得出的结论可以为实际工程进行理论指导,具有一定的参考价值。     

Tests and applications of an approach to absorbing reflected waves towards incident boundary

If the upstream boundary conditions are prescribed based on the incident wave only, the time-dependent numerical models cannot effectively simulate the wave field when the physical or spurious reflected waves become significant. This paper describes carefully an approach to specifying the incident wave boundary conditions combined with a set sponge layer to absorb the reflected waves towards the incident boundary. Incorporated into a time-dependent numerical model, whose governing equations are the Boussinesq-type ones, the effectiveness of the approach is studied in detail. The general boundary conditions, describing the down-wave boundary conditions are also generalized to the case of random waves. The numerical model is in detail examined. The test cases include both the normal one-dimensional incident regular or random waves and the two-dimensional oblique incident regular waves. The calculated results show that the present approach is effective on damping the reflected waves towards the incident wave boundary.     

长江口附近海域台风浪的数值模拟--以鹿沙台风和森拉克台风为例

利用SWAN波浪模型计算长江口附近海域的台风浪,鉴于长江河口岸界和地形复杂,拟采用曲线网格.为证实曲线网格下的SWAN模型对于复杂地形的有效性,首先选用美国特拉华大学波浪水池实验资料对SWAN模型进行检验,结果表明利用曲线网格能不过多增加计算量而提高关键区域的计算精度.以0215号鹿沙台风和0216号森拉克台风为例,将SWAN模型应用到长江口附近海域,进行台风浪的数值模拟.通过浮标测站实测资料验证,表明有效波高计算值与实测值符合良好.通过综合分析模型计算的波浪场,说明SWAN模型能合理地反映长江口附近海域台风浪的分布.     

基于三维GIS的内蒙古人工影响天气电子沙盘系统设计及应用

基于国内自主知识产权的EV-Globe三维GIS平台,结合高分辨率遥感影像和数字高程模型,设计研发了内蒙古人工影响天气电子沙盘系统,实现了内蒙古人影作业装备和观测站的布局展示,卫星云图、雷达回波及降水量等天气监测信息的三维可视化分析展示,实际人影作业过程及作业方案的三维仿真模拟等功能,体现了人影空地立体作业模式,为用户提供形象直观的地理场景、飞机穿云及催化播撒效果,对提升人影指挥决策能力和作业能力起到积极作用。     

西藏直孔水电站大坝混凝土防渗墙超前支护成槽试验研究及施工

在西藏直孔水电站松散砂卵石地层混凝土防渗墙成槽施工中，结合坝基水文地质及工程地质特点，创造性地提出了超前支护成槽方案，通过三维应力模拟和渗透试验，结合现场生产试验，对原方案更进一步完善，在施工中加以应用获得了成功。     

辽宁省滨海城市入境旅游发展研究——基于ＧＭ （１，１）模型

旅游指标建模与预测研究起始于20世纪60年代,已成为旅游研究的热点之一。基于灰色系统理论,以辽宁省滨海6城市2000-2009年入境旅游统计资料为原始数据,建构旅游指标GM(1,1)灰色预测动态模型并进行模型精度检验;对预测结果分析表明,模型预测结果与实际数据基本一致,进而利用该模型对辽宁省滨海6城市2011—2015年入境旅游指标进行预测;最后提出辽宁省滨海6城市入境旅游可持续发展对策。     

Orinoco地层油的开发特征及组分研究

Orinoco地层油具有较高的气油比和沥青质含量,在模拟油藏开发状况时,使用油罐油和天然气配制的模拟油。利用大直径长岩心模型进行压力衰竭实验,得到Orinoco地层油的流动特点及模拟开发效果。结果显示：(1)高于泡点压力阶段,模拟油显现弹性驱动特征,采收率很低;(2)在泡点和“拟泡点”之间的降压阶段,模拟油表现出缓慢的膨胀性能,采收率近似线性增加,斜率接近1,此时具有最大的开采效益;(3)低于拟泡点压力阶段,产气量增大,采收率增加缓慢。实验测定了Orinoco地层油的详细组分,并以此为依据配制模拟油。对模拟油PVT性质进行分析,结论是：气油比和少量的轻质组分对相对体积的影响很小,沥青等重质组分对气体保持稳定状态起主要作用;脱气状态的地层油在60 ℃时粘度仍高达6 194 mPa·s,而较高的气油比使地层油粘度陡降,特别在压力降低至泡点压力后,仍存在一个粘度缓慢变化的阶段,显示了Orinoco地层油的独特之处。     

An analysis of the radar backscatter from oil-covered sea surfaces using moment method and Monte-Carlo simulation: preliminary results

An analysis of the radar backscattering from the ocean surface covered by oil spill is presented using a microwave scattering model and Monte-Carlo simulation. In the analysis, a one-dimensional rough sea surface is numerically generated with an ocean waveheight spectrum for a given wind velocity. A two-layered medium is then generated by adding a thin oil layer on the simulated rough sea surface. The electric fields backscattered from the sea surface with two-layered medium are computed with the method of moments (MoM), and the backscattering coefficients are statistically obtained with N independent samples for each oil-spilled surface using the Monte-Carlo technique for various conditions of surface roughness, oil-layer thickness, frequency, polarization and incidence angle. The numerical simulation results are compared with theoretical models for clean sea surfaces and SAR images of an oil-spilled sea surface caused by the Hebei (Hebei province, China) Spirit oil tanker in 2007. Further, conditions for better oil spill extraction are sought by the numerical simulation on the effects of wind speed and oil-layer thickness at different incidence angles on the backscattering coefficients.     

流速逆变张量隐式求解方法及其在航道港池流场计算中的应用

运用高分辨率的边界适应网格进行流体动力学数值计算时,如何提高计算稳定性和减少计算量成为数值求解的关键性问题.在非正交的边界适应坐标系中,每个动量方程中同时出现了两个交叉方向的水位偏导数项,给隐式求解带来困难,而显式格式下的时间步长由于受与空间步长有关的Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy条件限制,计算量成倍增加.本文从广义曲线坐标系下浅海动力学方程组出发,导出了流速的逆变张量所满足的动量方程组,使方程中的水位偏导数项变成了沿某一协变基向量方向占优的形式,方便地采用了交替方向隐式差分格式,从而提高了计算稳定性并减小了计算量.本文通过对澳门海域航道和港池中流场的计算,证实了该模式是一种进行高分辩率数值计算的有效方法.