航磁ΔT平面归一化总梯度方法及其在内蒙陆西凹陷的应用

本文首次提出将剖面归一化总梯度方法推广到平面加以应用,得到平面归一化总梯度方法,并根据剖面归一化总梯度的计算公式相应地推导了平面归一化总梯度的计算公式,将其应用到内蒙陆西凹陷探测油气田,取得了一定的地质效果。     

在云南箇旧錫矿区电測深确定地下花崗岩面的起伏

錫矿床和酸性花崗岩在成因和分布上有密切关系是早已肯定了。同样的箇旧錫矿是由于燕山期花崗岩侵入了三迭紀箇旧石灰岩系而成矿。根据几年来的地貭勘探說明,在箇旧市以西的大花崗岩基周围并不存在較大的錫矿区,而錫矿区大都是和隐伏在箇旧系以下、距地表300米以下的花崗岩株有关。目前儲量最大的老厂和松树脚矿区均有隐伏花崗岩株存在。     

高美古与凤凰山水汽含量的统计分析

介绍了利用北京师范大学研制的ＩＲＡ－９３５型红外水汽测量仪对云南丽江高美古天文候选点及昆明凤凰山对比点上空垂直大气水汽积分含量Ｗ０的观测结果,给出了两地Ｗ０的日变化曲线及分布图,并对全年测量数据的统计结果作了分析和讨论     

江蓠中总糖的测定

总糖是江蓠属(GraciLaria)主要的化学组分之一，其测定方法已见于文献的有“差减法”，即以100％减去江蓠中所含的脂肪蛋白质、粗纤维、灰分而求得。我们经过反复试验分析，提出直接使用铁氰化钾滴定的测定法。一     

采用辐照度基法对FY-1C气象卫星可见近红外通道进行绝对辐射定标

介绍另一种在轨卫星传感器绝对辐射定标——辐照度基法定标,并利用敦煌辐射校正场对FY-1C卫星可见近红外通道进行定标。通常的反射率基法定标,表观反射率计算的一个重要误差来源是对气溶胶散射的近似计算。辐照度基法定标采用实际测量的漫射与总辐射比来代替辐射传输计算的气溶胶散射。利用该方法对FY-1C卫星的5次定标结果表明,大部分日期辐照度基法和反射率基法定标结果非常吻合,肯定了辐照度基法的正确性,但在气溶胶含量较大时,辐照度基法提高定标精度的优点显现出来,能够减少辐射传输模式对气溶胶散射计算带来的误差,提高最终的绝对辐射定标精度。     

贵州万山汞矿区土壤汞污染现状的初步调查

运用AAS和GC-CVAFS法分别测定了贵州万山汞矿区表层土壤中的总汞(THg)和甲基汞(MeHg),探讨了土壤中THg和MeHg的含量分布特征矿区土壤THg和MeHg含量分别为1.1～790 mg/kg和0.13～15 μg/kg;对照区土壤THg和MeHg含量分别为0.10～1.2 mg/kg和0.10～0.28 μg/kg.矿区不同耕作类型土壤中,稻田和菜地土壤MeHg含量明显高于旱田土壤.     

百花湖沉积物剖面中汞的空间分布

贵阳百花湖长期受汞法生产醋酸企业含汞废水的污染,沉积物及其孔隙水均受到严重的汞污染,总汞含量远远高于背景区.我们研究了汞污染企业停排后,百花湖沉积物剖面中汞污染程度、水平和垂直分布特征.研究显示,汞的垂直分布呈现表层和底层含量较低,中层出现峰值的分布趋势,沉积物中总汞的最高含量达到38 mg/kg(干重),且这种分布趋势恰好与贵州有机化工厂的生产历史相对应,反映了百花湖汞污染主要来源于该厂.百花湖表层沉积物中总汞的含量逐步下降,但在上游沉积物中总汞含量仍约为背景区总汞含量的40倍左右,离污染源较远的下游逐渐减少到背景区的3倍左右.这表明百花湖的汞污染在逐渐减轻,沉积物中大量的汞的扩散和再悬浮对上覆水体、鱼类和其他水生物具潜在的危害性.     

Further Study on Identifying Anomalous Large-Scale Rainfall Regimes in Phase Space

Using a 40-yr daily precipitation dataset including 134 stations from 1962 to 2001, the large-scale distribution patterns of precipitation anomalies over East China are investigated in the present paper. In the phase space spanned by the first 8 EOFs generated from the 20-day low-pass filtered data, the six rainfall regimes (RRs) are identified by applying a cluster analysis method, namely, the northeastern China regime, Yellow River regime, Qinling Mountain-Huaihe River regime, Yangtze River with its south regime, South China regime, and rainless regime. Analyses show that the new RRs exhibit good persistence and evident physical sense, and excellently represent both of countrywide and regional features, which also demonstrate the inhomogeneity of multi-dimensional phase space. Furthermore, it is more important that the new RRs can describe intraseasonal dynamic characteristics of large-scale rainfall anomalies, which is the most significant difference between the new RRs and the conventional seasonal mean rainfall patterns. On the other hand, the climatic characteristics of daily distributions of the RRs events, as well as the 40-year panorama of the RRs occurring are also investigated, which further document rationality and objectivity of the RRs with intraseasonal variability, and are likely to present more helpful information for short-term climate prediction, compared with other previous classical rainfall patterns.     

Study on Formation Mechanisms of Heavy Rainfall Within the Meiyu Along the Mid-Lower Yangtze River and Theories and Methods of Their Detection and Prediction

As the project of National Key Basic Research Development Program: Research on Formation Mechanisms and Predictive Theories of Major Weather Disasters in China has been fulfilled by 5-yr efforts of Chinese scientists, achieving results of great significance are as follows: 1) development of multi-scale physical models for Meiyu frontal heavy rainfall based on a range of real-time observations; 2) construction of synoptic models for such heavy rainfall; 3) the Meiyu front found to consist of multi-scale systems that represent a subtropical front, which shears structural features of an extratropical front and ITCZ, displaying sometimes a bi-front feature in the mid-lower Yangtze Basin (MLYB). The positive feedback between pre-frontal wet physical processes and over-front strong convective activities as well as interactions among multi-scale systems of the Meiyu front act as the important mechanism for the maintenance and development of the Meiyu front; 4) proposal of theories and methods for quantitative retrieval of multiple mesoscale torrential rains from satellite remote sensings, leading to a line of products; 5) investigation of applicable theories and techniques for retrieving the heavy rainfall system's 3D structure from dual-Doppler synchronous detectings; and 6) development of a system for meso heavy rainfall numerical prediction models with a 3D variational data assimilation scheme included, a tool that played an active role in flood combating and relief activities over the Huaihe River Basin (HRB) in 2003.     

SEDIMENT MOBILIZATION BY SURFACE EROSION IN MIDDLE MOUNTAIN CATCHMENTS OF NEPAL

1 INTRODUCTION Soil erosion in the foothills of the Hindu Kush-Himalayas (HKH) is considered to be a hot topic in land degradation research in the region (Scherr and Yadav, 1996). The land degradation research has mainly addressed the issue of topsoil los…