凤凰山矿2303工作面岩移观测资料分析

按照《规程》要求,通过对凤凰山矿2303工作面岩移3年的观测资料分析,取得了山区地表移动的一些经验及适合该矿区的一些参数,为今后"三下"采煤工作和进一步研究山区地表移动规律提供了第一手资料.     

Volume estimation of small scale debris flows based on observations of topographic changes using airborne LiDAR DEMs

This paper describes a geographic information system(GIS)-based method for observing changes in topography caused by the initiation, transport, and deposition of debris flows using highresolution light detection and ranging(LiDAR) digital elevation models(DEMs) obtained before and after the debris flow events. The paper also describes a method for estimating the volume of debris flows using the differences between the LiDAR DEMs. The relative and absolute positioning accuracies of the LiDAR DEMs were evaluated using a real-time precise global navigation satellite system(GNSS) positioning method. In addition, longitudinal and cross-sectional profiles of the study area were constructed to determine the topographic changes caused by the debris flows. The volume of the debris flows was estimated based on the difference between the LiDAR DEMs. The accuracies of the relative and absolute positioning of the two LiDAR DEMs were determined to be ±10 cm and ±11 cm RMSE, respectively, which demonstrates the efficiency of the method for determining topographic changes at an scale equivalent to that of field investigations. Based on the topographic changes, the volume of the debris flows in the study area was estimated to be 3747 m3, which is comparable with the volume estimated based on the data from field investigations.     

成都地区闪电产生氮氧化物的观测研究

为了解四川盆地闪电产生的NOX向低空的传输特征,利用大气平均电场仪、氮氧化物分析仪、臭氧分析仪对成都地区雷暴过程中闪电产生的NOX进行了地面观测,并结合风廓线雷达测得的地面0.4km的风速风向数据进行了分析。研究结果表明:(1)、NOX浓度随时间的变化与NO浓度随时间的变化呈正相关关系,O3的浓度随时间的变化与NOX的浓度随时间变化呈负相关关系;(2)、雷暴过程中,NOX和NO的浓度值都比晴天背景大气条件下的地面值要高,O3的浓度值则低于平均值,闪电频次与氮氧化物浓度存在正相关关系;(3)、LNOX从高空传输到地面也受风速风向的影响,风速与NOX浓度存在负相关关系,气流被偏北风控制的情况下,NOX的浓度值较低,气流在偏南风控制时,NOX则出现高浓度积累。     

临汾台摆式倾斜仪平行观测的差异性特征及其观测布局建议

根据临汾地震台石英摆、垂直摆、宽带垂直摆3套摆式倾斜仪器的观测资料,对山西中南部几次中等地震进行分析,发现在地震前各仪器同测向曲线有一定的异常反映,但异常并非呈相关一致性变化,有的还表现出明显的差异性特征;在同一台址条件下,异常的差异性与仪器的工作周期、动态响应范围、记录频段等有关;河津地震前后宽带垂直摆倾斜仪记录到的连续阶跃扰动(错位掉格)可能是慢地震现象,由此说明了宽频段仪器的优越性及发展性;建议在形变台网观测中,同一台站应建立宽频或多种同类型的形变观测仪器,组成尽量具有低、中、高频段的全面观测系统,这可能对于扑捉近震的短临前兆异常有实效意义.     

美国板块边界观测(PBO)中的钻孔应变观测设备

介绍美国的板块边界观测(PBO)项目中的钻孔应变观测和钻孔应变观测设备,如钻孔应变仪、钻孔应变仪的辅助观测设备、数据采集、数据传输、电源系统、仪器的防护装置等,并介绍其技术要求.     

沉降观测在“鑫润北国之春”高层建筑施工中的应用

城市高层建筑物变形监测是从施工到竣工直至稳定阶段进行周期性的沉降观测,目的是指导合理的施工工序,预防在施工过程中出现不均匀沉降,避免因沉降原因造成建筑物主体破坏而导致巨大经济损失。该文详细介绍沉降观测基准点、沉降观测点布设过程及观测方法,介绍使用的观测仪器、计算软件及观测精度;结合等值线图、楼载荷-时间-沉降量关系曲线图作楼基变形沉降分析,分析出现不均匀沉降现象的原因,并提出预防和解决问题的方法。     

Status of the Recent Declining of Arctic Sea Ice Studies

In the past 30 years, a large-scale change occurred in the Arctic climatic system, which had never been observed before 1980s. At the same time, the Arctic sea ice experienced a special evolution with more and more rapidly dramatic declining. In this circumstance, the Arctic sea ice became a new focus of the Arctic research. The recent advancements about abrupt change of the Arctic sea ice are reviewed in this paper .The previous analyses have demonstrated the accelerated declining trend of Arctic sea ice extent in the past 30 years, based on in-situ and satellite-based observations of atmosphere, as well as the results of global and regional climate simulations. Especially in summer, the rate of decrease for the ice extents was above 10% per decade. In present paper, the evolution characteristics of the arctic sea ice and its possible cause are discussed in three aspects, i.e. the sea ice physical properties, the interaction process of sea ice, ocean and atmosphere and its response and feedback mechanism to global and arctic climate system.     

临震前地壳变形不动点现象与机制研究

在综合分析国内外地形变前兆研究现状的基础上,结合汶川8.0级地震前GPS、应变、重力等研究结果,提出临震前震源区域可能出现变形不动点现象。地壳变形过程中的不动点现象是临震前区域应力场进入临界状态的重要标志,是地震潜在危险区域划定的重要依据。借助不动点理论,给出汶川地震前变形不动点集合的演化,结合大区域地震活动空区与远场显著形变异常分布,探讨变形不动点现象发生的动力学背景,验证了汶川地震前地壳变形的不动点现象是大区域应力场有序运动的结果。     

运用二维有限均布载荷模型研究梅山水库对金寨台地倾斜和应变观测的影响

研究金寨台地倾斜、应变观测资料和梅山水库水位的相关性。结果表明,水库水位和金寨台倾斜和应变观测仪器NS分量强相关,和倾斜仪器EW分量弱相关,和应变仪器EW分量中等相关。结合实验室测定岩石力学参数,计算得出金寨台倾斜和应变观测水位系数。     

南京台短水准场地改造及对比观测研究

南京台短水准场地NS测线北端点O点稳定性差,年变幅度约10 mm。2018年对场地进行改造,改造完成后,对比分析2019年的观测数据和原测线数据。结果表明,埋设的新O点、新C点点位趋于稳定,且新O点稳定性远优于老O点;改造后场地满足台站跨断层测量观测的需求。