风沙湍流的间隙性,稳定性分布及分形特征

根据风沙湍流本身的不均匀性、间隙性,用稳定性分布研究了含沙量M随高度h的变化得M(h)∝h~(-D),求得分维D=2.36(h>10cm),D=1.465(h<10cm),速度分布W(|u|)=a_2|u|~((-D)/(2-1))。沙粒扩散<|x(t)|>∝t~(2/D);结合Kdv-Burgers方程的行波解,得风沙流的标度律(υ/β)ξ Dlnh=A,揭示了耗散性υ、弥散性β、风速ξ和高度h之间的一种本质联系。被空气湍流吹动的沙粒起始半径r_e=(c’/(5-D)ρ)[(β/υ)In(E_1/E_2)]~((5-D)/3),起动风速V_1=V_(2exp)[(υ/2β)γ_c~3ρ~3(2.65/c’)~3],最后讨论了风沙流的多重分形特征。     

Distribution of Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopes in Salt Lakes of the Qinghai—Xizang Plateau,China

The Qinghai-Xizang Plateau is an area where a large number of salt lakes are distributed. We have collected several hundred samples of natural waters over the Plateau since 1976 and carried out researches on their hydrogen and oxygen isotopes. The results indicate that the^δD and δ¹⁸O values of the salt lake waters over the Plateau range from −64.1 to +12.4‰ and from −11.19 to +8.62‰, respectively. From the different types of surfaces, ground and lake waters of various salinities it is inferred that the compositions of H and O isotopes in the initial water of Qinghai Lake are^δD=−55.0‰ and {ie336-1}; and those in the original water from the lakes in northern Xizang, are^δD=−116.0‰ and {ie336-2}. Brines in the salt lakes are derived from rain water through prolonged circulation. Oilfield water also makes some contribution to the salt lakes in the Qaidam Basin. Similar slopes of evaporation lines of water isotopes are noticed for the Qinghai Lake area and northern Xizang. This is attributed to the evolution of the isotopes in these water bodies in an environment of middle latitude and high elevation.