阿尔泰-准噶尔北缘重磁场特征及其断裂的地质意义

阿尔泰-准噶尔北缘成矿带富含铁、铜、镍、金等多种矿产资源, 但准噶尔周缘的构造单元及断裂划分存在一定争议, 从而影响了找矿部署方向研究。为进一步深化区域成矿规律的研究, 优选大型、超大型找矿远景区开展物探勘查, 笔者收集了最新、最大比例尺的重磁资料和大量的物性信息, 以地球物理重磁理论为指导, GIS技术为手段, 对阿尔泰-准噶尔北缘成矿带的重力和磁场特征进行了详细的分析, 并对阿尔泰-准噶尔北缘断裂及准噶尔盆地西缘断裂进行推断解释。认为准噶尔北缘断裂与准噶尔盆地的西缘断裂为2条性质完全不同的断裂, 东西准噶尔不具对比性, 准噶尔北缘断裂主要以北西西向构造为主。提出准噶尔陆块边界的边界应是塔城—和布克赛县一线以西, 西准噶尔和卡拉麦里相似, 只是准噶尔陆块中的局部隆起。     

青藏高原东北缘强震前兆特征研究——流动重力方法

通过整理和解剖青藏高原东北缘地震重力观测资料,分析研究了青藏高原东北缘重力场时空变化及其与地震活动的关系,研究了强震孕育发生过程重力异常特征及震后异常效应。     

800KaB．P．来西藏“一江两河”中游地区的气候与西南季风变化

西藏“一江两河”中游地区风成地层沉积时代、沉积相和磁化率等研究结果表明，早在８００ＫａＢ．Ｐ．前西南季风就已存在，受全球气候波动和青藏高原隆起的影响，其盛行衰变与东南季风具有较好的一致性，主要表现为本区地层所记录的气候变化信息不如东南季风区详细；而且西南季风因高原屏障作用给本区带来的降水愈来愈少，气候明显地向干冷化发展。     

气压带、风带对我国天气和气候的影响

人们谈到我国天气和气候时，往往只强调季风，实际上，我国的天气和气候受副热带高气压带和西风带的影响相当明显。     

再见吧，南非

二万三千吨级的“发财”号驶离沙特阿拉伯的达曼港后,穿过波斯湾,绕过霍尔木兹海峡,沿着非洲东岸直朝南非驶去。12月份的印度洋,正是航海的好季节。在东北季风和海流的推动下,航速加快了很多,不知不觉中海轮已越过赤道,由北半球进入了南半球,并由冬季进入了夏季。     

云南丽江树轮δ18O记录的大气环流变化信息

通过对云南玉龙雪山丽江冷杉年轮晚材纤维素氧同位素 (δ¹⁸O) 的分析,建立了1902-2004时段年分辨率的树轮δ¹⁸O序列。将所得序列与相邻的丽江市气象站记录的气候资料对比,分析了树轮δ¹⁸O对气候要素的响应。结果表明,丽江冷杉年轮晚材中的δ¹⁸O与其生长季气候因子密切相关。主要与季风期 (8-10月) 的降水和相对湿度、6-10月总云量、5-6月平均温度显著相关,尤其和总云量相关性最高 (r = -0.45,P = 0.01)。同时,树轮δ¹⁸O年际变化与南亚季风指数、东亚夏季风指数呈反相关关系,并与1-5月南方涛动指数负相关显著,在一定程度上反映了大尺度的大气环流影响。     

西藏的江南——林芝

正林芝位于西藏自治区东南部,地处雅鲁藏布江中下游,介于三大山脉之间,北靠念青唐古拉山,南邻喜马拉雅山,东接横断山,南部与印度、缅甸两国接壤,边境线长达1006.5公里。林芝地处藏南谷地,平均海拔3100米,地形起伏大,最高海拔5000多米,最低900米,垂直地带性差异显著。西南季风带来的丰沛水汽沿着雅鲁藏布江峡谷深入该地区,气候湿润,植物茂盛,原始森林保存完好,素有"自然绿色基因的宝库"之称。林芝山清水秀,藏语意为     

Prediction of the Asian-Australian Monsoon Interannual Variations with the Grid-Point Atmospheric Model of IAP LASG （GAMIL）

Seasonal prediction of Asian-Australian monsoon （A-AM） precipitation is one of the most important and challenging tasks in climate prediction. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of Grid Atmospheric Model of IAP LASG （GAMIL） on retrospective prediction of the A-AM interannual variation （IAV）, and determine to what extent GAMIL can capture the two major observed modes of A-AM rainfall IAV for the period 1979-2003. The first mode is associated with the turnabout of warming （cooling） in the Nifio 3.4 region, whereas the second mode leads the warming/cooling by about one year, signaling precursory conditions for ENSO.
We show that the GAMIL one-month lead prediction of the seasonal precipitation anomalies is primarily able to capture major features of the two observed leading modes of the IAV, with the first mode better predicted than the second. It also depicts the relationship between the first mode and ENSO rather well. On the other hand, the GAMIL has deficiencies in capturing the relationship between the second mode and ENSO. We conclude： （1） successful reproduction of the E1 Nifio-excited monsoon-ocean interaction and E1 Nifio forcing may be critical for the seasonal prediction of the A-AM rainfall IAV with the GAMIL; （2） more efforts are needed to improve the simulation not only in the Nifio 3.4 region but also in the joining area of Asia and the Indian-Pacific Ocean; （3） the selection of a one-tier system may improve the ultimate prediction of the A-AM rainfall IAV. These results offer some references for improvement of the GAMIL and associated seasonal prediction skill.     

东亚副热带西风急流位置变化与亚洲夏季风爆发的关系

利用1961～2000年的NCEP/NCAR候平均再分析资料,初步探讨了季节转换期间东亚副热带西风急流南北和东西向位置变化与亚洲季风爆发之间的联系。结果表明,亚洲夏季风爆发伴随着东亚副热带西风急流轴线的北跳和急流中心西移,急流轴北跳至35°N以北的青藏高原上空,南支西风急流消失,亚洲季风环流形势建立。南海季风爆发早年,低纬的东风向北推进的时间早,到达的纬度偏北,中纬的西风急流强度偏弱,季风爆发晚年则相反。同时,南海夏季风爆发早年,青藏高原上空急流核出现较早,西太平洋上空急流核减弱较快,急流中心“西移”较早。而在南海夏季风爆发晚年,西太平洋上空的急流核减弱较迟,青藏高原上空急流核形成偏晚,急流中心“西移”较迟。此外,急流中心东西向位置和强度变化与江淮流域梅雨的开始和结束也有密切关系。     

Characteristics and variations of the East Asian monsoon system and its impacts on climate disasters in China

Recent advances in studies of the structural characteristics and temporal-spatial variations of the East Asian monsoon （EAM） system and the impact of this system on severe climate disasters in China are reviewed. Previous studies have improved our understanding of the basic characteristics of horizontal and vertical structures and the annual cycle of the EAM system and the water vapor transports in the EAM region. Many studies have shown that the EAM system is a relatively independent subsystem of the Asian- Australian monsoon system, and that there exists an obvious quasi-biennial oscillation with a meridional tripole pattern distribution in the interannual variations of the EAM system. Further analyses of the basic physical processes, both internal and external, that influence the variability of the EAM system indicate that the EAM system may be viewed as an atmosphere-ocean-land coupled system, referred to the EAM climate system in this paper. Further, the paper discusses how the interaction and relationships among various components of this system can be described through the East Asia Pacific （EAP） teleconnection pattern and the teleconnection pattern of meridional upper-tropospheric wind anomalies along the westerly jet over East Asia. Such reasoning suggests that the occurrence of severe floods in the Yangtze and Hualhe River valleys and prolonged droughts in North China are linked, respectively~ to the background interannual and interdecadal variability of the EAM climate system. Besides, outstanding scientific issues related to the EAM system and its impact on climate disasters in China are also discussed.