MRI Newsletter 6： Global Change Research in Mountain Biosphere Reserves of the Russian Federation

Mountain Biosphere Reserves in the Russian Federation Mountains and highlands occupy more than 50 % of the territory of the Russian Federation. In 2005, Russia had 36 Biosphere Reserves (BRs), of which 15 are Mountain Biosphere Reserves (MBRs). The MBRs represent different environmental and economic zones of Northern Eurasia; they lie far apart from one another (Figure 1). Laplandskiy MBR on the Kola Peninsula (No 1) is an example of a reserve located in the arctic belt and affecte…     

Editorial

On the first anniversary of the first issue of the Journal of Mountain Science (JMS), please accept our sincere greetings and best wishes for the New Year. In the last year, whether you read and contributed to JMS or made criticism and proposals for JMS, we are grateful for your active participation. On behalf of all the members of JMS editorial board, I would like to express our heartfelt thanks to you for your great support and encouragement, and your concern for JMS.     

秦巴山脉“4·23”区域性暴雨的若干异常特征

利用逐小时降水、雷达、FY-4A卫星等观测资料及ERA5逐时再分析资料,分析了2021年4月23日秦巴山脉大范围区域性暴雨过程的中尺度特征、水汽和环流异常特征,结果表明,该次暴雨过程范围大,多站降水量突破历史同期极值,且大巴山区出现了山地突发性暴雨事件。500 hPa秦巴山脉异常的“东高西低”环流形势维持使得青藏高原至陕西间的气压梯度力增大,中层西风气流增强。中低层多尺度天气系统的叠加作用是造成该次暴雨的背景动力条件,西南低涡前方的东南气流一方面与北侧偏东风形成的切变线为暴雨发生提供了环境场的辐合上升运动,另一方面将西南气流和偏南气流带来的水汽输送到秦巴山脉汇聚。同期近海台风和东北冷涡活动相关联的环流导致东北路径的水汽输送异常强(贡献达到30%),成为本次暴雨过程水汽来源的独特之处。与历史同期比,偏南通道和东北通道的水汽路径上比湿都是异常的正距平,说明暴雨期水汽来源丰沛。暴雨过程主要由西南低涡前方的一个中尺度对流系统活动造成,大巴山区迎风坡对气流的地形抬升与环境场偏南气流的辐合上升叠加,对流活动强,降水强度大且突发性强;而秦岭山区近地面是偏东风在山前辐合抬升,中层为西南引导气流的环境场...     

A new high-resolution Late Glacial-Holocene climatic record from eastern Nanling Mountains in South China

A 350-cm-long sediment core sequence from Dahu Swamp situated in the eastern Nanling Mountains was selected for high-resolution paleoclimatic reconstruction since the Late Glacial period. The multi-proxy records of this paper reveal several evidently dry and cold events that may coincide with the Oldest Dryas, the Older Dryas, the Younger Dryas in the late deglacial period. Two relatively wetter and warmer phases occurred in ca. 15,000–14,400 cal yr B.P. and 13,500–12,800 cal yr B.P. respectively may correspond to the Bølling and Allerød warming events. The Younger Dryas event (ca. 12,800–11,500 cal yr B.P.) revealed by multi-proxies was characterized by relatively colder and drier climate. A warmer and wetter climate, occurred in ca. 10,000–6000 cal yr B.P., was consistent with the Holocene Optimum, which coincided with the maximum Northern Hemisphere insolation. The “8.2kyr cool event” and even the “8.8kyr cool event” were indicated as well from our sediment core. A dry mid-Holocene period (ca. 6000–3000 cal yr B.P.) indicated by multi-proxies does not follow the traditional concept of the wet mid-Holocene conditions observed in other regions in China.     

Plant species diversity along an altitudinal gradient of Bhabha Valley in western Himalaya

The present study highlights the rich species diversity of higher plants in the Bhabha Valley of western Himalaya in India. The analysis of species diversity revealed that a total of 313 species of higher plants inhabit the valley with a characteristic of moist alpine shrub vegetation. The herbaceous life forms dominate and increase with increasing altitude. The major representations are from the families Asteraceae, Rosaceae, Lamiaceae and Poaceae, suggesting thereby the alpine meadow nature of the study area. The effect of altitude on species diversity displays a hump-shaped curve which may be attributed to increase in habitat diversity at the median ranges and relatively less habitat diversity at higher altitudes. The anthropogenic pressure at lower altitudes results in low plant diversity towards the bottom of the valley with most of the species being exotic in nature. Though the plant diversity is less at higher altitudinal ranges, the uniqueness is relatively high with high species replacement rates. More than 90 % of variability in the species diversity could be explained using appropriate quantitative and statistical analysis along the altitudinal gradient. The valley harbours 18 threatened and 41 endemic species, most of which occur at higher altitudinal gradients due to habitat specificity.     

浅议金华双龙洞地质遗迹的合理开发与利用

双龙旅游风景区位于浙中丘陵盆地和浙西中山丘陵的交接部金华山山地上,属龙门山脉。由东西向山脉主脊、南北向延伸的峰岭和深切的“V”河谷组成,山脉延展40多千米。地势北高南低,呈阶梯状倾斜,最高峰大盘山海拔1312米,最低点海拔50米,相对高度达千米以上。由于金华山的间隙性抬升和外营力的共同作用,自南坡山麓带至大盘山顶可分为四级相对平缓的地貌面。早已闻名全国的“双龙三洞”就位于第二级山间洼地中,海拔在400—600米之间。     

南极沿167°E子午线横贯南极山脉岩石圈速度结构

依据沿大圆弧穿越南极点和斯科特站两地震台的地震瑞利面波波形资料,计算了两台之间的相速度频散,通过反演计算,获得了台间地下２００ｋｍ 岩石圈剪切波速度细结构。结果表明,横贯南极山脉地壳厚度约为４５ｋｍ ,５５～７５ｋｍ 之间存在明显低速带,它预示着这一深度有熔融的岩浆存在。     

华北地区深部地幔剪切波速度结构研究

本文分析了华北地区近50个台站下方800 km深度内的剪切波速度结构.结果发现华北地区不同构造单元之间速度结构差异很大,稳定地块速度随深度稳定增加,构造带内速度结构复杂,而且即使在同一构造单元内,不同区段之间速度结构也明显不同,如太行山构造带,反映了不同构造单元或各区段经历了各自不同的地质演化历史.环渤海地区及相关区域多个台站的速度结构显示,华北东部地区地幔软流层埋深浅、厚度大、速度低,反映了地幔上涌的特点;而在软流层或更深层次的地幔中没有发现埋深或厚度比较统一的高速或低速体,因此可能没有岩石圈或下地壳介质曾经拆沉进入地幔,这为东部岩石圈减薄的动力学机制提供了一定的深部地球物理约束.