一座山脉的红色印记——炎陵：秋收起义的转折点

一脉罗霄山,将湖南和江西两个老表隔了开来,但是,却隔不开血肉相连的情谊。数十年前,一场场战役在这连绵不绝的山中打响,也开创了中国革命的新时代。可以说,没有湖南罗霄山脉的战斗,就不会有江西井冈山的革命根据地,也就不会有星星之火可以燎原的气吞万里如虎的壮志。 这些战斗,这些豪情,这些故事,在罗霄山脉的崇山峻岭中,时刻存在,且还将继续存在。今天,在共和国成立60周年之际,我们翻开那一页页火红的岁月,在炎陵、在资兴、在桂东,去感受那段别样的历史,也是我们共和国别样的青春。     

Cohesive strength and seismogenic stress pattern along the active basement faults of the Precordillera-Sierras Pampeanas ranges, western Argentina: An experimental analysis by means of numerical model

A two-dimensional finite element method （FEM） model that incorporates faults, elastic rock physical properties, topographical load due to gravity and far-field plate velocity boundary conditions was used to recognize the seismogenic stress state along the fold-and-thrust belt of the Precordillera-Sierras Pampeanas ranges of western Argentina. A plane strain model with nine experiments was presented here to examine the fault strength with two major rock phyical properties： cohesion and angle of internal friction. Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion with bulk rock properties were applied to analyse faults. The stress field at any point of the model was assumed to be comprised of gravitational and tectonic components. The analysis was focused to recognize the seismogenic shear strain concentrated in the internal-cristaline domain of the orogene shown by the modeling. Modeling results are presented in terms of four parameters, i. e., （i） distributions, orientations, and magnitudes of principal stresses （σ1 and σ3）, （ii） displacement vector1 （iii） strain distribution, and （iv） maximum shear stress （τmax） contour line within the model. The simulation results show that the compressive stress is distributed in and around the fault systems. The overall orientation of of σ1 is in horizontal directions, although reorientations do occur within some stress weaker parts, especially subsequent to the faults. A large-scale shear stress is accumulating along the active faults of Tapias-Villicum Fault （TVF）, Salinas-Berros Fault （SBF）, Ampacama-Niquizanga Fault （ANF） and Las Charas Fault （CF）, which could act as local stress and strain modulators to localize the earthquakesoccurrence.     

流体排溢及迁移控制着亚平宁山脉北部中新世冷泉碳酸盐岩的形成

在亚平宁山脉北部中新世的前陆盆地和“卫星式”沉积盆地（前陆盆地系统楔顶的延伸部分）,出现大量的碳酸盐岩露头,它们与现代冷泉碳酸盐岩一样具有特定的古生态学、沉积学、成分以及同位素等方面的特征。这些碳酸盐岩主要出现在大型的浊积岩体（Cervarola山和Mamoso砂质有孔虫建造）和陆坡半结核体中（Vicchio和Verghereto泥灰岩,Ghiolidiletto泥岩）。它们形成独立的具有特殊结构和特定生物化石（化能供养的蛤类和双壳类）的不规则块状灰岩,具有典型的18C亏损特征,显示了甲烷对其形成的影响。     

Moesian台地和罗多彼山脉（保加利亚）始新世后无明显转动喀尔巴仟和爱琴海弧运动学演化的意义

一般认为,位于喀尔巴仟山脉-巴尔干半岛和爱琴海弧之间的Moesian地台和保加利亚罗多彼山脉在这些弧的地球动力学演化期间一直稳定地依附于东欧克拉通。然而,古地磁分析对这一地区运动学演化的约束非常差。本文提供新的古地磁资料（12地点800个火山沉积样品）表明,     

Effect of the Zagros Mountains on the spatial distribution of precipitation

In order to examine the effect of the Zagros Mountains on precipitation, first, the annual and Seasonal rainfall indices （rain days frequency, rain amount, daily rainfall intensity, and heavy rains） from 43 stations in 1995 - 2004 between the 30° N to 35° N parallels over the mountain range were analyzed. Second, the effect of the Zagros Mountains was studied through the computation of the spatial correlations between the precipitation parameters and the topographic indices （station site elevation, station mean elevation within a radius of 2.5 km, mean elevation of 9 blocks along each of the eight Cartesian directions, and the elevation differences of these 9 blocks from the station mean elevation）. The results showed that in the cold season the maximal rainfall occurs on the upper range of west slope, while in warm season it spreads over the study area. The correlations between precipitation and elevation indices were positive on the north of the stations and negative on the south of the stations, that is, the higher elevations of the stations to the north force the uplifting of the moist air masses and increase rainfall at the stations, while the lower elevations to their south lead the movement of the moist air masses to the stations. This is due to the fact that these stations or slopes are exposed to the moist air masses coming from the Mediterranean Sea and the Persian Gulf. The heavy rain days and the summer sporadic rain events do not show significant correlations with the topographic indices. The findings indicate that the Zagros Mountains intensify the cold period frontal rains especially over the west slope and block the moist air masses from entering the interior parts of the country. Moreover, these mountains play a secondary role in creating rain days. But they are very important in the production of precipitation in the area. Therefore, their absence will decrease the amount of rainfall to their west and, in return, expand the dry climates of their west and east.     

Influence of livestock soil eutrophication on floral composition in the Pyrenees mountains

Livestock behaviour in the Pyrenees includes free grazing and a long resting period that provokes the accumulation of dung and urine in some places,so-called camping areas. The aims of this study were （i） to analyze any change in floral composition,and in nutritional and chemical contents of plants in a livestock camping area; and （ii） to relate the floral composition with soil chemical properties. In a linear transect,five sampling zones were established,from the centre of the camping area to the surrounding Nardus stricta-dominant pasture. The above ground plant biomass and the topsoil were sampled in each zone with 6 replicates per zone. Plant species were classified and weighed to calculate above ground biomass,nutritional and chemical contents,and Shannon diversity and evenness indices. Additionally,soils were sampled in two periods,at the beginning and at the end of grazing period. Soil available nutrients （nitrate,ammonium,phosphorus,potassium,calcium and magnesium）,total nitrogen,organic carbon and pH were measured.
Plant chemical contents （protein,lignin and others） were significantly related to the proportions of grasses,legumes and other plants; so,the protein content is positively correlated with legumes plant biomass while lignin content is negatively correlated with grasses. Both plant and soil nutrients increased linearly towards the centre of the camping area. However,the relationship among plant species richness,diversity and evenness relative to its position along the studied transect was bell-shaped. From the outskirts to the centre of the camping area,plants with low nutrient demand were progressively replaced by those with medium and high nutrients demand and by pioneers.
Nardus stricta-dominant pasture has low plant diversity and plant nutrient content as well as a poor soil nutrient availability. The presence of the camping area introduced patches with more soil nutrients and new species in the large spatial scale. However at a small spatial scale,the strong soil nutrien     

Annual time-series analyses of total gaseous mercury measurement and its impact factors on the Gongga Mountains in the southeastern fringe of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Long-term monitoring programs for measurement of atmospheric mercury concentrations are presently recognized as powerful tools for local,regional and global studies of atmospheric long-range transport processes,and they could also provide valuable information about the impact of emission controls on the global budget of atmospheric mercury,their observance and an insight into the global mercury cycle. China is believed to be an increasing atmospheric mercury emission source. However,only a few measurements of mercury,to our knowledge,have been done in ambient air over China. The highly-time resolved atmospheric mercury concen-trations have been measured at Moxi Base Station （102°72′E 29°92′N,1640 m asl） of the Gongga Alpine Ecosystem Observation and Experiment Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences （CAS） from May 2005 to June 2006 by using a set of Automatic Atmospheric Mercury Speciation Analyzers （Tekran 2537A）. Measurements were carried out with a time resolution of every 15 minutes. The overall average total gaseous mercury （TGM） covering the measurement periods was 4±1.38 ng·m^-3 （N=57310）,which is higher than the global background level of approximately 1.5～2.0 ng·m^-3. The measurements in all seasons showed a similar diurnal change pattern with a high concentration during daytime relative to nighttime and maximum concentration near solar noon and minimum concentration immediately before sunrise. The presence of diurnal TGM peaks during spring and summer was found earlier than that during autumn and winter. When divided seasonally,it was found that the concentrations of TGM were highest in winter with 6.13 ± 1.78 ng·m^-3 and lowest in summer with 3.17 ± 0.67 ng·m^-3. There were no significant differences in TGM among wind sectors during each season. Whereas Hg generally exhibited significant correlations with the parameters,such as temperature,saturated vapor pressure,precipitation,ultraviolet radiation （UV） and atmospheric pressure at the whole measurement stage,and t     

数字化测雨雷达的组网与拼图

从气象业务的实际应用出发，阐明了以呼和浩特713天气雷达为主站，集宁、东胜711天气雷达为子站进行数字化天气雷达组网、拼图的意义和作用。论证了组网拼图的必要性及研制实施过程中的依据和方法，提出了目前尚存在的问题及投入业务应用和建立广域的中西部测雨雷达组网拼图的设想和方案。     

太行山南段甘陶河群地层的地球化学异常特征及找矿意义

太行山南段甘陶河群地层为河北省南部重要的铜矿化层位,发育有以桃园、虎寨口、南寺铜矿为代表的大量铜多金属矿床（点）;为一套经历了区域浅变质作用的基性火山岩和正常沉积碎屑岩岩系;在区域水系沉积物测量、岩石地球化学测量成果基础上,文章对甘陶河群地区的地球化学异常特征和找矿方向展开讨论。     

太行山南段中生代杂岩体成因及其演化分析

平顺-符山-武安-洪山杂岩体主要由橄榄辉长辉绿岩、角闪闪长岩,经闪长岩、二长闪长岩、正长岩、花岗岩一系列岩石组成,其地球化学性质相似,CaO、FeO、MgO和TiO与SiO2呈线性正相关,富集大离子亲石元素(如Sr、Ba、K)和LREE,亏损高场强元素(如Nb、Ta、Ti)和HREE,具有微弱的正Eu异常。符山杂岩体的εNd=-12.3~-16.9,ISr=0.705 6~0.707 1,武安杂岩体εNd=-13.8~-18,ISr=0.705 9~0.707 6,相比之下,洪山杂岩体具有比符山-武安杂岩体明显高但相对均一的εNd值(-8.2~-11)和变化较大的ISr(0.705 2~0.710 2)。平顺杂岩体Pb同位素比值较高,(206Pb/204Pb)i=17.859~18.474,(207Pb/204Pb)i=15.429~15.612,(208 Pb/204 Pb)i=37.374~38.641。而符山杂岩体(16.92~17.3,15.32~15.42,37.16~37.63)、武安岩体(16.63~17.4,15.28~15.44,36.78~37.3)和洪山杂岩体(17.28~17.74,15.40~15.48,37.01~38.12)变化连续。平顺-符山-武安杂岩体可能是同一期岩浆演化的产物,起源于EMI型富集地幔的部分熔融,但在上升过程中受到不同程度的下地壳物质混染。洪山岩体也来源于EMI型富集地幔的部分熔融,但属于不同岩浆热事件,仅受轻微下地壳混染。太行山南段中生代广泛的岩浆活动可能与邯邢地幔柱上涌有关。