大山深处竞风流——湖南省地质矿产勘查开发局408队发展纪实

正2008年12月,湖南郴州,南岭山脉深处的王家坊矿区,青色的大山冷峻威严。半山腰上,一台20多米高的钻塔被绿色塔布围拢着,狭小空间里,钻机轰鸣,空谷回音,缭绕不绝。坚守在这里的湖南省地质矿产勘查开发局408队六项目部的队员们,内心随着钻头的每一寸深入而波澜起伏:这样一次超深、超斜、超难的"三超"钻探,会成功吗?困难接踵而至,1000米垮孔,     

让太行革命老区乘着低碳国土实验区的快车驶向更美好未来

尊敬的张怀西理事长,各位领导、各位朋友:上午好!今天应邀出席中国国土经济学会成立30周年纪念座谈暨学科建设与发展研讨会,我感到十分荣幸,首先向中国国土经济学会成立30周年表示热烈的祝贺!黎城县位于山西省的南部,是太行革命老区。全县国土面积1101平方公     

1998年5～6月区域大气角动量收支与东亚天气尺度系统变化

利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料计算了1998年5～6月区域角动量收支的主要分量,对比分析了范围较大的欧亚区域角动量矩和限制在欧亚大陆范围内的喜马拉雅山角动量矩的差异,发现两者有很好的相关,限制较小范围的计算表明,喜马拉雅山山脉力矩的作用显著。角动量收支项占较大量级的山脉力矩和摩擦力矩,并与梅雨锋区域的700hPa高度...     

Lithospheric Structure in the North China Craton Constrained from Gravity Field Model(EGM 2008)

A detailed knowledge of the thickness of the lithosphere in the North China craton(NCC) is important for understanding the significant tectonic reactivation of the craton in Mesozoic and Ce-nozoic.We achieve this goal by applying the newly proposed continuous wavelet transform theory to the Gravity Field Model(EGM 2008) data in the region.Distinct structural variations are identified in the scalogram image of profile Alxa-Datong(大同)-Qingdao(青岛)-Yellow Sea(profile ABC),trans-versing the main units of NCC,whi...     

The GSSP of the Second （Upper） Stage of the Lower Ordovician Series： Diabasbrottet at Hunneberg, Province of Vaeistergoetland, Southwestern Sweden

Diabasbrottet, selected by the International Subcommisson on Ordovician Stratigraphy and in 2002 ratified by the International Commission on Stratigraphy as the GSSP of the Second (Upper) Stage of the Lower Ordovician, is located on the Hunneberg Mountain in southwestern Sweden. The stratigraphic succession represents an outer shelf environment near the Baltic Shield margin. The shale-dominated, biostratigraphically complete, richly fossiliferous boundary interval is completely exposed in a disused quarry. The GSSP is in the lower TФyen Shale 2.1 m above the top of the Cambrian and is marked by the first appearance of the graptolite Tetragraptus approximatus Nicholson. The boundary interval contains a diverse graptolite fauna and biostratigraphically diagnostic conodonts and trilobites that make it possible to define the boundary in terms of zone schemes based on these groups. In this respect, the Diabasbrottet and nearby sections are unique in the world among described localities having this boundary interval. Based on the appearance of T. approximatus, the base of the Second Stage can be identified in many graptolitiferous successions round the world but this level is currently more difficult to recognize precisely in some carbonate sequences outside Baltoscandia. We propose the Second Stage be called the Floan Stage. It is named for the Village of Flo, which is situated about 5 km southeast of the GSSP.     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987114000036

The paper evaluates sensitivity of various spaceborne digital elevation models （DEMs）, viz., Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer （ASTER）, Shuttle Radar Topography Mapping Mission （SRTM） and Global Multi-resolution Terrain Elevation Data 2010 （GMTED）, in comparison with the DEM （TOPO） derived from contour data of 20 m interval of Survey of India topographic sheets of 1 ： 50,000 scale. Several topographic attributes, such as elevation （above mean sea level）, relative relief, slope, aspect, curvature, slope-length and -steepness （LS） factor, terrain ruggedness index （TRI）, topo- graphic wetness index （TWI）, hypsometric integral （lhyp） and drainage network attributes （stream number and stream length） of two tropical mountain river basins, viz. Muthirapuzha River Basin and Pambar River Basin are compared to evaluate the variations. Though the basins are comparable in extent, they differ in respect of terrain characteristics and climate. The result.,; suggest that ASTER and SRTM provide equally reliable representation of topography portrayed by TOP（） and the topographic attributes extracted from the spaceborne DEMs are in agreement with those derived from TOPO. Despite the coarser resolution, SRTM shows relatively higher vertical accuracy （RMSE -- 23 and 20 m respectively in MRB and PRB） compared to ASTER （RMSE - 33 and 24 m） and GMTED （RMSE - 59 and 48 m）. Vertical accuracy of all the spaceborne DEMs is influenced by relief of the terrain as well as type of vegetation. Further, GMTED shows significant deviation for most of the attributes, indicating its inability for mountain-river-basin-scale studies.     

罗霄山脉山地沼泽全新世以来的古气候记录

在中亚热带罗霄山脉东南段井冈山地区的江西坳山地沼泽钻取了150 cm的岩芯样品（JXA钻孔）,通过6个AMS 14C测年结果建立钻孔的年代框架,运用烧失量、腐殖化度、有机碳同位素和灰度值等多项古气候代用指标分析,重建了该地区约11 cal. ka B.P.以来的气候演化历史。结果表明：江西坳山地沼泽的古环境演变过程可以分为４个阶段：11―9.2 cal. ka B.P.钻孔沉积物的有机碳含量低,碳同位素偏负,显示C3植物为主,为气候凉干期;9.2―5.3 cal. ka B.P.碳同位素、有机碳和腐殖化度等指标均指示森林植被繁茂,沉积物泥炭堆积速度加快,为气候最适宜期;5.3―2.2 cal. ka B.P.碳同位素显著变化,有机质含量较高;2.2―0 cal. ka B.P.气候呈现季风再次增强的趋势,人类活动增强。与周边其他的研究结果对比发现：全新世以来罗霄山脉江西坳山地泥炭沼泽的古环境替代指标与低纬度地区其他全新世气候记录基本一致。     

晋东南一带太行山断裂带南段地质构造特征

晋东南一带的太行山断裂属于整个太行山断裂带的中南段部分,笔者等通过实地调查与一系列横切太行山断裂带的构造剖面研究,进一步确定了断裂特征主要表现为数条叠瓦状逆冲断层,早前寒武纪变质岩及寒武系-奥陶系由北西向南东逆冲于寒武系-奥陶系之上,为沁水板拗与太行山板隆二个二级构造单元的分界断裂,断裂北西侧沁水板拗东缘是重要的产煤区,南东侧近南北向构造岩浆岩带是重要的铁矿产区该断裂带在左权漆树峧一带,早前寒武纪变质岩逆冲于寒武系之上,逆冲断距在500m以上,长治神泉一带奥陶系马家沟组三、四段灰岩逆冲于五、六段泥灰岩、灰岩之上,逆冲断距仅几十米.     

亚平宁山脉

周围有狭窄滨海地带环绕的山脉,它是意大利半岛的自然骨干,对意大利人类地理学有很大的影响。亚平宁山脉呈巨弧形,从西北部靠近滨海阿尔卑斯山脉的卡迪波纳山口起,一直延伸远至西西里岛西边埃加迪群岛,总长约1,400公里（870哩）,宽度为40~200公里（25~125哩）。意大利半岛之上山脉本身的最高点为科尔诺山,高2,912公尺（9,554）。山脉远至意大利南端的卡拉布里亚,总的走向为西北-东南;然后从卡拉布里亚起,区域性走向改为先向南、后向西。     

Nature:地下水枯竭可能引发地震

正2014年5月14日,Nature发表文章称,在过去150年里,从加利福尼亚农业中心——中央山谷抽取的水量足以引起地壳向上反弹,致使周边山脉抬升,其中内达华山和海岸山脉累积抬升了约15cm。冬季降雨和夏季抽水造成内华达山及海岸山脉一年一次的升降运动,可能会诱发与之平行的圣安德烈斯断层的地震。地球物理学家研究表明,类似程度的季节性应力,如太阳和月亮的运动产生的应