非稳定流线性地下水管理模型探讨及应用

本文运用系统工程理论的优化技术,从水力学观点出发来把握、控制水源地各供水井的水位,在满足约束条件下,求各供水井的最优开采量,以便达到水源地供水价值最大的目标,从而为水源地科学管理、合理利用水资源提供依据和策略。     

土壤-植物-大气连续体模型中的蒸散发计算

土壤-植物-大气连续体(SPAC)中包括一系列的水分与能量交换过程.本文侧重探讨蒸发与蒸腾的过程及其定量.主要内容包括(SPAC)综合模型;各种蒸散发参数的确定;作物蒸腾量的确定;棵间土壤表面蒸发量的确定.用实际观测资料进行验算,得出比较符合实测过程的蒸发和蒸腾计算结果.     

GIS在大比例尺的城市非点状源污染模型中的应用研究

人们对于与城市雨水有关的非点状源污染的关注，促使更好地规划水质的新工具得到了发展。本文介绍ＧＩＳ在城市水质研究中的应用。这种ＧＩＳ用于管理非点状源污染模型的土地利用数据，还可用于总计各种地理单元之中污染物的负荷量，在土地利用的基础上用水质经验模型来估算污染负荷量。通过判读最新的航空像片更新旧图从而编出土地利用图。这种土地利用图同样也可用来记录每个土地利用多边形的所有污染负荷量。通过对雨水沟图的数字     

大气短周期振荡与低涡活动及陕西降水的关系

本文用１９８０－１９８２年的资料揭示了夏季青藏高原上存在准一周、准半周和准十天的大气短周期振荡．而且这种振荡与高原东部有限区域的低涡活动及下游降水有较好的超前相关。     

Modeling Biogeochemistry,the Key for Understanding Environmental Chemistry of a Semi－Arid Soil in Egypt

1IntroductionThecomponentsoftheenvironmentaredamagedbyagriculturalpractices.Soilslosstheirfer tilityandwaterdeterioratesduetopollution .Chemicalweatheringofmineralandsoiloccursattheinterfacesbetweentheliquidandsolidphases;consequentlythesurfaceareaandcompositionofthemineralsplayanimportantroleinthisprocess.GarrelsandMackenzie ( 1 96 7)suggestedthatincon gruentweatheringreactionswouldproducedissolvedspeciesandnewsolidsthataremorestableintheweatheringenvironmentthantheoriginalbedrockminerals.Ro…     

CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> processes in an alpine grassland ecosystem on the Tibetan Plateau

In this paper, the CO2 concentrations profile from 1.5 m depth in soil to 32 m height in atmosphere were measured from July 2000 to July 2001 in an alpine grassland ecosystem located in the permafrost area on the Tibetan Plateau, which revealed that CO2 concentrations varied greatly during this study period. Mean concentrations during the whole experiment in the atmosphere were absolutely lower than the CO2 concentrations in soil, which resulted in CO2 emissions from the alpine steppe soil to the atmosphere. The highest CO2 concentration was found at a depth of 1.5 m in soil while the lowest CO2 concentration occurred in the atmosphere. Mean CO2 concentrations in soil generally increased with depth. This was the compositive influence of the increasing soil moistures and decreasing soil pH, which induced the increasing biological activities with depth. Temporally, the CO2 concentrations at different layers in air remained a more steady state because of the atmospheric turbulent milking. During the seasonal variations, CO2 concentrations at surface soil interface showed symmetrical patterns, with the lowest accumulation of CO2 occurring in the late winter and the highest CO2 concentration in the growine seasons.     

云南春季低温的前期环流特征

为了分析云南春季低温的前期环流特征,本文利用各县站的逐日气温和５００ｈＰａ月平均高度的格点资料,分析结果表明,春季低温年前冬１０～２０ｄ振荡活跃,１月份环流特征与正常年相比有明显不同。研究还发现,用纬向高度梯度结果代替高度场作春季低温分析预报,更有物理意义。