Influences of Two Convective Schemes on the Radiative Energy Budget in GAMIL1.0

The Grid-point Atmospheric Model of IAP LASG version 1.0 (GAMIL1.0) is used to investigate the impacts of different convective schemes on the radiative energy budget.The two convective schemes are Zhang and McFarlance (1995)/Hack (1994) (ZM) and Tiedtke (1989)/Nordeng (1994) (TN).Two simulations are performed:one with the ZM scheme (EX_ZM) and the other with the TN scheme (EX_TN).The results indicate that during the convective process,more water vapor consumption and temperature increment are found in the EX_ZM,especially in the lower model layer,its environment is therefore very dry.In contrast,there is a moister atmosphere in the EX_TN,which favors low cloud formation and large-scale condensation,and hence more low cloud fraction,higher cloud water mixing ratio,and deeper cloud extinction optical depth are simulated,reflecting more solar radiative flux in the EX_TN.This explains why the TN scheme underestimates the net shortwave radiative flux at the top of the atmosphere and at surface.In addition,convection influences longwave radiation,surface sensible and latent heat fluxes through changes in cloud emissivity and precipitation.     

The Role of Southern High Latitude Wind Stress in Global Climate

In this paper, the role of westerly winds at southern high latitudes in global climate is investigated in a fully coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model. In the model, the wind stress south of 40°S is turned off with ocean and atmosphere fully coupled both locally and elsewhere. The coupled model explicitly demonstrates that a shutdown of southern high latitude wind stress induces a general cooling over the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) region, with surface Ekman flow and vertical mixing p...     

边界层温度廓线遥感反演的本地化改进研究

采用MODIS资料和美国发展的MODIS大气温、湿度廓线统计反演算法,估算大气温度、湿度廓线作为初始场,应用101层快速透过率模式(PFAAST)估算了大气透过率,并采用Newton非线性迭代算法反演中国西北荒漠戈壁地区大气温度廓线。结果表明:该方法对边界层高度及以上部分的大气温度反演得比较好,误差基本都在2 K范围内,边界层范围内的温度反演误差较大,反演误差与气溶胶光学厚度增量和地表温度估算误差呈显著正相关关系,与大气水汽混合比的关系较差。文中从敏感性试验和理论分析角度阐述了地表温度和气溶胶光学厚度估算误差对大气温度反演误差的影响,发现不同光谱波段的地表温度权重均随地表温度的增加有不同程度增加,地表温度反演误差增加将增加地表温度权重,提高地表温度估算误差有助于提高地表温度权重的精度;荒漠戈壁地区大气边界层中气溶胶浓度较高,光学厚度较大,使边界层大气透过率降低,进而降低卫星红外遥感波段的地表温度权重和空气温度权重。由于该模式没有很好地考虑边界层中沙尘气溶胶的影响,使卫星反演的大气透过率偏高,以至于高估地表温度权重和大气温度权重,使得反演的表面温度和空气温度偏低。该研究结合太阳光度计获得的光学厚度资料,采用统计方法对气溶胶效应引起的大气透过率误差和表面温度估算误差进行校正,并对物理算法进行本地化改进,实现了边界层温度廓线的反演。     

一次华北平原大雾天气CINRAD/SA雷达超折射回波的射线追踪分析

为准确分析和识别超折射雷达回波,发挥多普勒天气雷达效益,利用石家庄CINRAD/SA型多普勒天气雷达资料,结合探空实况对2005年11月19—21日华北平原大雾天气过程的超折射回波进行了射线追踪分析。结果表明:华北平原大雾天气有利于大气波导的形成,产生3层模式超折射回波。超折射回波使得雷达的目标视位置与实际位置产生偏差,特别是对雷达测高影响较大。超折射回波一般出现在大雾天气的发展和维持过程中,为进行雷达空间定位和华北平原大雾天气的监测、预报提供新的技术手段和科学依据。     

CAM3模式模拟厄尔尼诺事件对大气环流异常的影响

采用CAM3（Community Atmosphere Model Version3）模式中海气湍流通量参数化原方案和改进方案,利用观测海温驱动CAM3模式进行气候模拟,以分析模式对厄尔尼诺事件影响气候变化的模拟能力。结果表明,采用CAM3模式海气湍流通量参数化改进方案,模式能够更好地模拟出由厄尔尼诺事件引起的北太平洋和北美地区大气环流的变化,尤其是对厄尔尼诺年冬季阿留申低压强度和与PNA遥相关型有关的500hPa位势高度异常的模拟。     

冬季自动观测注意的事项

<正>1引言目前,我国大气探测自动化系统已建成实施,地面监测网中的国家基本(准)站中的主要观测项目使用的仪器已由器测手工操作转为自动站观测。国内外学者研究表明,在许多导致气候资料序列非均一的原因中,仪器变化是重要因素,主要包括仪器校准、仪器更换、气候环境改变     

山西北中部一次秋季连阴雨过程分析

2009年9月4—10日,山西省北中部出现了一次持续时间长、降水强度大、落区范围广的连阴雨天气过程,致使气温持续偏低、日照偏少,给工农业生产、交通运输和人民生活造成严重影响。该文对这次天气过程的大气环流、西风急流等主要影响系统进行重点分析,对各种物理量场进行诊断,初步揭示了此次连阴雨过程的成因和降水特征。     

大气热源30～60天振荡与华南6月旱涝的关系

利用1958—2000年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和华南测站降水资料,分析了大气热源30～60 d振荡对华南6月旱涝的影响。结果表明,在涝(旱)年对流层低层,南海至日本东南面的西北太平洋(WNP)是一个异常的低频反气旋(气旋),伴随有异常的低频热汇(热源)区,华南至日本南部存在一个异常气旋(反气旋),对应于异常的低频热源(热汇)区,华南地区低层异常辐合(辐散);平均而言,旱年华南5—6月30～60 d振荡的位相演变要比涝年的偏晚约7～11天;涝年,低频热源和气旋从南海南部北传和从西太平洋暖池区西北传,以及从140°E附近WNP的西传都十分明显,它们对华南6月降水偏多有非常重要的影响。而旱年南海及邻近区域的低频热源和气旋北传较涝年偏晚,WNP上低频热源的西伸不明显。前期南海低频热源推进的迟早以及热带WNP上的低频热源是否西传对华南6月的降水有显著影响。     

浅谈下垫面性质对乌兰察布市气温地理分布的影响

太阳辐射、大气环流和下垫面性质（如水、陆、地形、土壤、植被等）是形成和影响气候变化的主要原因,它们相互联系,综合影响,其中起主要作用的因子是太阳辐射,但地形地理在一定的条件下对太阳辐射和大气环流起到一定的制约作用,使某些要素改变了原来的分布规律,乌兰察布市的气温、降水等气候要素分布,就是下垫面在其中起了主要作用。     

Trends in graded precipitation in China from 1961 to 2000

Daily precipitation rates observed at 576 stations in China from 1961 to 2000 were classified into six grades of intensity, including trace （no amount）, slight （≤ 1 mm d^-1）, small, large, heavy, and very heavy. The last four grades together constitute the so called effective precipitation （〉 1 mm d^-1）. The spatial distribution and temporal trend of the graded precipitation days are examined. A decreasing trend in trace precipitation days is observed for the whole of China, except at several sites in the south of the middle section of the Yangtze River, while a decreasing trend in slight precipitation days only appears in eastern China. The decreasing trend and interannual variability of trace precipitation days is consistent with the warming trend and corresponding temperature variability in China for the same period, indicating a possible role played by increased surface air temperature in cloud formation processes. For the effective precipitation days, a decreasing trend is observed along the Yellow River valley and for the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and Southwest China, while an increasing trend is found for Xinjiang, the eastern Tibetan Plateau, Northeast China and Southeast China. The decreasing trend of effective precipitation days for the middle- lower Yellow River valley and the increasing trend for the lower Yangtze River valley are most likely linked to anomalous monsoon circulation in East China. The most important contributor to the trend in effective precipitation depends upon the region concerned.