Western Pacific Jet Stream Anomalies at 200 hPa in Winter Associated with Oceanic Surface Heating and Transient Eddy Activity

The relationships between the 200-hPa westerly jet stream anomalies over the East Asian coastal water- western Pacific(WPJS),and the oceanic surface heating and synoptic-scale transient eddy(STE)activity anomalies over the North Pacific in wintertime are examined by using ERA-40 and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data.The analysis demonstrates that the surface heating and the STE anomalies have different patterns, corresponding to the three WPJS anomalous modes,respectively.In the first WPJS anomalous mode,the WPJS main part shows no robust anomaly.The anomalous westerly wind,occurring over the mid-latitude central-eastern Pacific past the date line is associated with the anomalous heating presenting both in the tropical central-eastern Pacific past the date line and the center of the North Pacific basin.Meanwhile,the STE anomaly appears around the region of the anomalous zonal wind.The fluctuation in jet strength shown in the second WPJS mode is strongly related to the heating anomaly in the Kuroshio Current region and the STE anomaly in the jet exit region.The third mode demonstrates a northward/southward shift of the WPJS,which has a statistical connection with a south-north dipolar pattern of the heating anomaly in the western North Pacific separated at 35°N.Meanwhile,the STE spatial displacement is in conjunction with jet shifts in the same direction.The heating anomaly has a close connection with the atmospheric circulation, and thus changes the mid-latitude baroclinicity,leading to the STE anomaly,which then reinforces the WPJS anomaly via internal atmospheric dynamics.     

气象科技动态

人为臭氧的生成会使农业减产美国麻省理工大学一项新奇的研究表明,化石燃料的广泛使用会导致臭氧浓度的增加,从而给全球植被带来损害,并造成严重的经济损失。研究显示,温度和二氧化碳的增加可能有益于植被的生长,特别是在北半球温带地区。但是,这可能无法平衡臭氧增加带来的危害,对于农作物更是如此。研究结果表明,到2100年,臭氧浓度增加将使全球农作物的生产值减少10%~20%。而这种损失在北半球温带地区表现地更加明显。相比之下,臭氧对热带地区农业的危害则较小。科学家们估计,如果这项研究属实,未来美国和中国都需要进口粮食。(中国气象报…     

南宁大气成分站故障处理经验介绍

介绍了南宁大气成分站运行以来出现的各种软硬件故障的处理方法，其中的改动电脑时间至缺报应发的时间以补发缺报、正确安装并启动已改名且已覆盖原始程序的最新更新程序的方法等可减少缺报。     

气溶胶物理学著名科学家——温景嵩教授

温景嵩教授,是我国微大气物理学尤其是气溶胶物理学的著名科学家。1933年2月4日出生于北京。1952年毕业于北京师大附中,1957年毕业于北京大学物理系气象专业。曾先后在中国科学院大气物理研究所(1957年至1971年)和安徽光学精密机械研究所(1971年至1984年)工作。1979年10月至1982年2月,为英国剑桥大学应用数学与理论物理系高级访问学者,师从当代国际流体力学大师Batchelor教授。1984年起到现在为南开大学物理科学学院教授、博士生导师,学科带头人;中国颗粒学会荣誉理事,北京大学优秀校友,英国皇家气象学会会员,美国气溶胶学会会员,纽约科学院院士。几十年来,温景嵩教授从事微尺度大气运动中的气溶胶物理等过程的研究,做出了一系列创造性成就和突出贡献。在这一领域中他取得了一项标志性成果,这项标志性成     

空气动力学阻抗的测量研究

利用涡旋相关方法和蒸发皿方法分别测量了裸地和玉米田的空气动力学阻抗, 分析了空气动力学阻抗的日变化特征, 同时对两种测量方法进行了比较。结果表明:实测空气动力学阻抗的日变化比较明显, 但变化幅度不大 (0~200 s/m)。两种方法得到的空气动力学阻抗具有可比性, 但蒸发皿方法测量的空气动力学阻抗普遍小于涡旋相关方法的测量值。     

精密跨海水准测量在舟山连岛工程中的应用与分析

大气垂直折光是跨海水准测量中影响高程精度的主要误差，本文介绍了在实践工作中如何采取措施减弱这一误差影响，提高高程精度及工作效率，并通过实例进行了精度分析。     

一种快速地球大气效果3维绘制方法

介绍了地球大气模型,并回顾了国内外大气的3维绘制算法。在此基础上提出了一种基于简化模型的快速大气效果绘制算法。该算法综合利用Billboard与图形学雾化效果,逼真模拟出了地球大气的可视化效果。实验结果表明,该算法简单有效,避免了复杂的物理计算,大大提高了绘制效率。     

全球变暖可能干扰GPS卫星系统

国际大气科学家小组提出，地球大气中二氧化碳含量的增加，可能要求改变卫星发射方式，并可能影响GPS系统的功能。     

基于PROSPECT＋SAIL模型的遥感叶面积指数反演

以PROSPECT+SAIL模型为基础，从物理机理角度反演植被叶面积指数(LAI)。首先，通过FLAASH模型进行大气校正，使得图像像元值表达植被冠层反射率； 然后，根据LOPEX 93数据库和JHU光谱数据库选择植物生化参数和光谱数据，以PROSPECT模型模拟出的植物叶片反射率和透射率作为SAIL模型的输入参数，得到植被冠层反射率，将结果与遥感影像的植被冠层反射率对应，回归出植被LAI； 最后，以地面实测数据对遥感反演数据进行验证，并分析了误差的可能来源。     

Study of Aerodynamic Parameters on Different Underling Surfaces

Aerodynamic parameters including the zero-plane displacement (d), roughness length (20), and friction velocity (u*) on the different underlying surfaces of heavy-grazing site, medium-grazing site, light-grazing site, no-grazing site, dune, inter-dune, grassland, rice paddy site, wheat site, soybean site, and maize site have been computed based on the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory by utilizing the micrometeorologically observed data of dune and vegetation in the semi-arid area at Naiman, Inner Mongolia of China, conducted jointly by the Institute of Desert Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences of Japan in 1990-1994. And their relationships between wind speed and Richardson number are analyzed. The aerodynamic characteristics of different man-made disturbed grassland ecosystems are also compared. Result shows that the vegetation coverage and the above-ground biomass decrease with the increase in man-made stress of the grassland. The roughness length for different underlying surfaces is closely related to vegetation height, above-ground biomass, and ground surface undulation, and Richardson number Ri is also its influencing factor. The friction velocity varies largely on different underlying surfaces, and it is positively proportional to wind speed and roughness length. The aerodynamic parameters of various times on the same underlying surface are different, too. Above results indicate that grassland and vegetation are of significance in preventing desertification, especially in the arid and semi-arid land ecosystems. And the results of this paper are also important for constructing the land surface physical process as well as regional climate model.