基于地质记录用时域组合模型预测气候变化趋势的初步研究

用时域分析组合模型建立了１００万年来６０°Ｎ６月份太阳辐射量时间序列、宝鸡黄土粒度时间序列、渭南夏季风指数时间序列的动态模型．研究结果表明，时域分析组合模型较好地提取了时间序列的信息，得到的几个显著周期Ｔ＝１３３，１００，８９，４１，２３，１９ｋａ，与地球轨道三要素的变化周期接近．用组合模型拟合实测数据，精度是高的；用其预测未来气候替代性指标时间序列的变化情况，发现未来气候有向干冷方向发展的趋势．时域分析组合模型为研究气候变化趋势提供了一种定量分析、预测的方法．     

亚洲夏季风活动激发的北半球大气环流遥相关型

亚洲季风区是全球热力变化最为显著的区域，亚洲夏季风活动必定会对其它环流系统产生影响。本文通过夏季风指数与北半球环流的相关计算以及强、弱季风候北半球环流异常合成的分析发现，亚洲夏季风的活动会激发北半球夏季大气环流遥相关型，其主要相关中心均出现在季风区的下游地区，即从亚洲经太平洋至北美洲一带，除了表现出正负中心交替出现的波列状结构外，该遥相关型在太平洋地区还表现为一对南北向的偶极子异常型，我们将这一遥相关型称为亚洲太平洋北美（ＡＰＮ）型。     

树轮密度、稳定C同位素对过去近100a陕西黄陵季节气温与降水的恢复

相关函数的分析表明,黄陵地区树轮早材最小密度与6月份气温及4～6月份降水显著相关,其相关系数分别为 0.616(α=0.0001)和-0.662(α=0.0001).在此基础上,将早材最小密度指标与稳定C同位素指标采用第一主分量法合并,较精确地重建了黄陵地区6月气温,重建值的解释方差达45%.同时以早材最小密度重建了该区4～6月降水,解释方差达49%.并提出,6月份气温实质上指示了东亚夏季风前锋到达此地时间上的早晚.     

模式顶选取对南海季风爆发过程模拟的影响

本文利用MM5(V3)中尺度模式系统以1998年5月南海季风爆发过程为例，试验了模式顶层气压选取对南海季风爆发过程模拟结果的影响。共做了2个数值试验，分别将模式项选在100hPa和50hPa。试验表明，模式顶选取更高将使得和南海季风爆发过程相对应的东亚高空急流强度和位置模拟与观测更趋一致，并且南海北部地区季风爆发后强降水发生的时间及降水强度的模拟也得到明显改善。     

南海夏季风活动与季内北太平洋副高的形态和西伸

基于dbl小波基和shannon熵的4层小波包分解重构及HCEP／NCAR逐日再分析资料，研究讨论了南海夏季风与季内北太平洋副高东西形态和西伸过程的相关特征，提出和定义了诊断判别副高活动的夏季风小波包频域能量判据，揭示出南海夏季风低频扰动与太平洋副高形态活动之间的一些新的现象和关联。     

珠穆朗玛峰东绒布80.36 m冰芯δ 18O记录的气候意义

珠穆朗玛峰东绒布80.36 m冰芯δ ¹⁸O记录与喜马拉雅山南、北坡气象资料和北半球气温变化之间的关系表明, 该冰芯δ ¹⁸O基本上不反映年际温度的变化, 但冰芯δ ¹⁸O与净积累量具有负相关关系, 这是该地区夏季降水(占全年降水量的80%以上)中δ ¹⁸O“降水量效应”的一种具体表现. 东绒布冰芯δ ¹⁸O的变化可作为印度季风活动强弱变化的替代指标. 在季风活动强盛阶段, 冰芯中δ ¹⁸O平均值较低; 在季风活动衰弱阶段, 冰芯中δ ¹⁸O平均值较高.     

THE CLIMATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SUMMER MONSOON ONSET OVER THE SOUTH CHINA SEA Ⅰ40—YEAR AVERAGE

By using 40-year NCEP reanalysis daily data91958-1997),we have analyzed the climatic characteristics of summer monsoon onset in the South China Sea(1050°E-120°E,5°N-20°N,to be simplified as SCS in the text followed) pentad y pentad(5 days),According to our new definition,in the monsoon area of the SCS two of the following conditions should be satistied:1)At 850hPa,the southwest winds should be greater than 2m/s.2)At 850 hPa.θse should e greater than 335°K.The new definition means that the summermonsoon is the southwest winds high temperature and high moisture.The onset of the SCS summer monsoon is defined to start when one half of the SCS area(105°E-120°E,5°N-20°N)is controlled by the summer monsoon.The analyzed results revealed the following:1) The summer monsoon in the SCS starts to build up abruptly in the 4th pentad in May.2) The summer monsoon onset in the SCS is resulted from the development and intensification of southwesterly monsoon in the Bay of Bengal.3) The onset of the summer monsoon and establishment of the summer monsoon rainfall season in the SCS occur simultaneously.4) During the summer monsoon onset in the SCS,troughs deepen and widen quickly in the lower troposphere of the India:the subtropical high in the Western pacific moves eastward off the SCS in the middle troposphere:the easterly advances northward over the SCS in the upper troposphere.     

CLIMATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ONSET OF SOUTH CHINA SEASUMMER MONSOONⅡ.INTER—DECADAL VARIATION

By using the 40-year NCEP(1958-1997) grid point reanalysis meteorological data.we analyzed the inter-decadal variation on the climatic characteristics of the onset of South China Sea summer monsoon.The results are as follows.(1) There was great difference on the onset date of the SCS summer monsoon between the first two decades and the last two decades,It was late on the 6^th pentad of May for the first two decades and was on the 4^th and 5^th pentad of May for the next two decades.(2)Except for the third decade(1978-1987),the establishment of the monsoon rainfall was one to two pentads earlier than the onset of the summer monsoon in all other three decades.(3) The onset of the SCS monsoon is the result of the abrupt development and eastward advancement of the southwesterly monsoon over the Bay of Bengal.The four-decade analysis shows that there were abrupt development of the southwesterly monsoon over the Bay of Bengal between the 3rd and 4th pentad of May,but there was great difference between its ewastward ovement and its onset intensity.These may have important effect to the earlier or later onset of the SCS summer monsoon.(4) During the onset of the SCS summer monsoon.there were great difference in the upper and lower circulation feature between the first two and the next two decades.At the lower troposphere of the first two decades.The Indian-Burma trough was stronger and the center of the subtropical high was located more eastward.At the upper troposphere.the northward movement of the center of subtropical high was large and located more northward after it landed on the lndo-China Peninsula.After comparison.we can see that the circulation feature of the last two decades was favorable to the establishment and development of the SCS summer monsoon.