华北地区流域月降水径流模型比较研究

选择我国华北地区若干流域,建立了三个月降水径流模型——统计模型、比利时模型和新安江模型。分析结果表明;统计模型能较好地反映流域输出对输入的响应,新安江模型(改进后)则能较好地描述半干旱地区流域的产汇流特性,模型拟合效果也较好,而比利时模型,经初步应用,拟合效果比新安江模型差。     

用低速带切除法提高构造图精度

塔里木盆地内地表面巨厚的沙层是油气勘探的主要障碍。本文在构造解释中用切除法把地表面低速的、不稳定的沙层切除,然后通过折射波反演方法,得其厚度,从而提高了构造图的精度。     

西藏东部大气降水氧同位素组成特征

The Xizang Plateau, with a common altitude of more than 4000 m sbove sea level,has long been celebrated as “The Roof of the World”. In order to study oxygen isotopic composition of meteoric water in the Xizang Plateau Region and its relationship with the attitude, we made an investigation tour to the Xizang Plateau, starting from Guizhow, during 1979 from July to October, and 79 meteoric Water samples were collected, including brook, well, lake, snow, firn, spring and running waters, at different altitudes. Oxygen isotope analyses indicate that the isotopie composition of meteoric water in the areas more than 4000g and in the western parts of SichuanGaizhow shows remarkable altitude effect. There is a negative correlation between δ^28O and altitude, which is reflected by --δ^18O = 0.0026H 7.75. The average δ^18O value for metcoric water in the areas: more than 4000m above sea level turns out to be --18.15‰ is evident that δ^18O value for lake water on the plateau is related to its water supply. δ^18O value for lake water, in which the evaporation is greater than supply,is approximately three or four times higher than that of supplied water, averaging -5.74‰. Oxygen isotopic compasition of geothermal water can be compared with that of local meteoric water, but shows certain δ^18O-shift, suggesting that the main water-supply source seems to be meteoric water in the same area.     

广州降水概率预报

讨论了长水概率预报的意义,原理和方法,介绍了广州降水概率预报的业务流程及试验效果,并提出深入开展降水概率预报的若干建议。     

赤道太平洋对流活动异常对我国夏季降水和气温的影响

利用月平均ＯＬＲ、降水和气温资料,研究了ＥＮＳＯ期间赤道太平洋对流活动与我国夏季降水和气温的关系。结果表明：春季、夏季中、西太平洋对流活动异常与我国夏季江淮地区的降水有密切关系;春季和前一年冬季西太平洋对流活动异常与东北地区夏季降水有显著相关。前一年冬季中、西太平洋对流活动异常与我国降水的显著相关区是不同的,前者为华南、西南地区,后者为东北至内蒙古一带。气温与同期中、西太平洋对流活动的相关不显著。     

1997年南宁市大雨以上降水特点分析

通过对南宁市１９９７年大雨以上降水过程（１７次）的统计分析,找出当年南宁市大雨以上降水的特点。     

冷高压后部的强对流暴雨

百色地区１９９７年春季出现的２次区域性暴雨天气,均属于冷高压后部强对流暴雨。诊断分析结果表明,在此类暴雨天气过程中,对流层上层的槽前正涡度平流与冷空气入侵,对流层低层的风速风向辐合与急剧升温增温等因素,都是产生强对流暴雨不可缺少的条件。     

海口夏季对流性降水的某些稳定度特征分析

根据提出的方法,主要计算分析海口站１９９７年０８时及２０时的Ｃｐ、Ｋ、△θｓｃ的稳定度,得出了１９９７年海口３－１０月份降水中的ＣＰ、Ｋ、△θｓｃｃ配置的拟合率;ＣＰ对台风的移动路径亦的指示性作用。ＣＰ的大小对副高的稳定也有一定的影响。     

盘锦市降水特性的变化趋势

盘锦市以前一直采用营口市的暴雨强度公式,随着城市规模的不断扩大以及近年来降水特性的改变,盘锦市有必要重新编制暴雨适合本市暴雨强度公式。我们在编制暴雨公式过程中。发现盘锦市的降水有春旱加重、夏季降水增加的趋势。现就盘锦市降水特性的变化趋势作一简要分析。