赴墨西哥考察MILAGRO大气污染观测项目总结

2006年3月20～30日应墨西哥国立大学大气科学中心Darrel Baumgardner博士的邀请，中国气象科学研究院孙俊英博士、陈跃博士、王亚强博士赴墨西哥参观MILAGRO大气污染观测项目的组织、实施、地面观测站、观测飞机、仪器等。现将考察情况汇报如下。     

新《地面气象观测规范》的学习应用

中国气象局颁发了新《地面气象观测规范》(下称新《规范》),并于2004年1月1日执行,如何与原《地面气象观测规范》(下称原《规范》)对照应用,保证新《规范》的正确实施。本文结合青海地面气象测报和自动气象站业务工作实际,比较详细地叙述了《地面气象观测规范》主要的异同之处,供同行们在实际工作中参考。     

青海省气象部门优秀中青年人才业绩介绍

2006年省气象局授予马万才、王献芝、祁如英、史津梅、何生存、王治邦、刘海明7位同志“青海省气象部门优秀中青年人才”称号。 马万才，男，44岁，工程师。1981年7月毕业于兰州气象学校气象专业，2005年6月在中共青海省委党校经济管理专业取得在职大专学历，现在民和县气象局从事地面测报工作。     

湿球纱布何时剪短适宜

《地面气象观测规范》规定湿球温度表的溶冰观测是:当湿球纱布冻结后,应及时从室内带一杯蒸馏水对湿球纱布进行溶冰,待纱布变软后,在球下部2~3 mm处剪断,然后把湿球温度表下的水杯从百叶箱内取走,以防水杯冻裂。笔者下站检查业务工作,曾发现某站的气温是-1.1℃,但湿球纱布还未剪短。我们认为这样做是不对的,原因是当气温达0℃以下,湿球球部的纱布不一定结冰,但水杯内的水会结冰,从而使湿球纱布浸入水中的一部分也结冰,造成影响湿球纱布的正常吸水及湿球表面的蒸发和热量交换,常会形成水上部分纱布似冻非冻,导致湿球温度表示度不稳定,甚至失…     

Characteristics of near-fault ground motion containing velocity pulses

There are many reports about the research on near-fault velocity pulses, which focus on the generation of velocity pulse and simplify the velocity pulse so as to be used in the seismic design of structure, However few researches have put emphasis on the characteristics of near-fault ground motions containing velocity pulses, especially the characteristics relevant with the design response spectrum prescribed by the code. Through collection of a large number of near-fault records containing velocity pulses, the response spectra and the characteristic periods of records containing no pulses are compared with those of records containing pulses. Response spectra of near-fault records are compared with standard spectra given by code; furthermore, the response spectra and the characteristic periods of each earthquake are compared with that given by code. The result shows that at long periods （longer than 1.5 s）, the response spectrum of pulse-containing records is bigger than the response spectrum of no-pulse-containing records; when the characteristic period of near-fault records is calculated, the method that does not fix frequency is more reasonable because the T1 and T2 have a lagging tendency; regardless of the site Ⅰ and site Ⅱ, the characteristic period of pulse-containing records is over twice bigger than the characteristic period given by the code,     

索伦站地面最高温度人工观测与自动观测数据的差值分析

2007年7月的盛夏时节,在地面观测工作中发现每次读取地面最高温度时人工观测与自动观测数据差值多数都达到1.0℃以上。为揭开数据差值背后的秘密,我们对兴安盟索伦观测场2007年7月自动站与人工站地面最高温度数据进行了分析。在正常天气背景下,土壤表面的日最高温度一般出现在1     

地面气象观测数据文件的应用

首先提出了地面气象观测数据文件不便于利用的情况，接着分析了地面气象观测数据文件的数据结构和排列特点，说明了新数据文件的种类及命名特点和应注意的问题，再介绍了数据的分解方法、处理内容、输出数据等技术问题，然后用VisualBasic语言编程解决实现A文件的应用，最后列举了应用的实例，结果表明：新的数据文件是按地面月报表格式生成的数据电子文档，便于数据统计、数理分析、统计预报等应用。     

气象实际观测技巧浅谈

观测员在值班时尽管很细心，但难免会出错，为了避免或尽量减少错情的发生，确保气象资料的准确性，结合多年的业务实践，分别对实际观测中一些注意事项作简浅介绍。     

煤矿改扩建项目水土保持方案设计要点

煤矿改扩建项目水土保持方案设计工作，有别于其它地面建设项目。正确界定项目建设期、生产期的直接影响区域，关系到因矿山开采导致的环境影响得到有效治理，同时也为建设单位正常生产提供有效保障。     

Comparison of the spatial distribution of ground motion between main shocks and strong aftershocks

Using the ground motion attenuation relation, we calculated and compared the effective peak acceleration (EPA) generated by main shocks and their strong aftershocks of 21 earthquake sequences with MS≥7 occurred in Chinese mainland and offing of China during 1966~2002. The result shows that EPA of strong aftershocks usually exceed that of main shock for 76.2% earthquake sequences and EPA of more than 50% strong aftershocks are greatly lar-ger than that of main shocks in large area, which suggests that it is necessary to take damage produced by strong aftershock into account in the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and the seismic design.