攀西微古陆块的变质演化与地壳抬升史

攀枝花-西昌(攀西)微古陆块是扬子陆块西部最古老的地体. 代表其下地壳的岩石为中基性麻粒岩, 相应的麻粒岩相变质作用发生于1186~1128 Ma. 在地质年代方面, 麻粒岩的形成可能与Rodinia超大陆中各微古陆块汇聚的碰撞造山作用有关. 麻粒岩的角闪岩相退变质作用时代为877~825 Ma, 在时间上与Rodinia超大陆裂解的时代相吻合. ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar和FT年代学研究表明, 自新元古代中至中生代, 古陆块的地壳垂直运动演化历史总体上表现为一种刚性地体的缓慢抬升过程. 新生代, 印度板块向欧亚板块的俯冲碰撞作用使青藏地块迅速隆起, 后者又向东作侧向挤压运动. 受此影响, 攀西微古陆块也快速抬升, 使得麻粒岩结晶基底最终出露地表.     

川西藏东地区的地壳P波速度结构

位于川西藏东地区的巴塘(竹巴龙)至四川资中深地震测深剖面,跨越松潘甘孜褶皱系,龙门山构造带和扬子准地台。本文根据沿测线爆破的记录截面图中各震相走时资料,结合相关的振幅信息,确定剖面二维P波地壳速度结构模型,分析川西高原和四川盆地的地壳上地幔结构的主要差异,并讨论测线上主要断裂带的深部特征,扬子地台与青藏高原的深部构造关系以及强烈地震发生的深部构造环境。     

上海及邻区的地壳形变速率与地震活动

对上海佘山地震台伸缩仪的数字记录资料进行去趋势以及地壳形变速率的分析表明：伸缩仪EW向在200l年5～7月存在破年变趋势异常，并且该测项的形变速率在2001年3～8月存在高于正常背景值的异常。结合GPS资料、应力场、地震活动性的情况分析后认为，佘山台的形变速率异常可反映上海及邻区应力场的部分信息，该信息对地震活动具有一定前兆意义。因此，应用形变数字化资料计算地壳形变速率，可作为对地层活动以及日常地震预测的一种分析方法。     

福建省地壳形变观测网建设进展与展望

简述了建设中的福建地壳形变台网的概况，福建地壳形变台网，以GPS观测为主，结合精密重力、水准和流动地磁测量，将三者观测重合到CPS基准站，形成有特色的观测网络。通过福建省5个基准站、16个基本站及一个数据处理中心，动态监测东南沿海地区地壳运动，为地震预测预报提供背景信息。     

Crustal structure beneath the Songpan—Garze orogenic belt

The Benzilan-Tangke deepseismic sounding profile in the western Sichuan region passes through the Song-pan-Garze orogenic belt with trend of NNE.Based on the travel times and the related amplitudes of phases in the record sections,the 2-D P-wave crustal structure was ascertained in this paper.The velocity structure has quite strong lateral variation along the profile.The crust is divided into 5layers,where the first,second and third layer belong to the upper crust,the forth and fifth layer belong to the lower crust.The low velocity anomaly zone gener-ally exists in the central part of the upper crust on the profile,and it integrates into the overlying low velocity basement in the area to the north of Ma‘erkang.The crustal structure in the section can be divided into 4parts:in the south of Garze-litang fault,between Garze-Litang fault and Xianshuihe fault,between Xianshuihe fault and Longriba fault and in the north of Longriba fault,which are basically coincided with the regional tectonics division.The crustal thickness decreases from southwest to northeast along the profile,that is ,from62km in the region of the Jinshajiang River to 52km in the region of the Yellow River.The Moho discontinuity does not obviously change across the Xianshuihe fault basesd on the PmP phase analysis.The crustal average velocity along the profile is lower,about 6.30 km/s.The Benzilan-Tangke profile reveals that the crust in the study area is orogenic.The Xianshuihe fault belt is located in the central part of the profile,and the velocity is positive anomaly on the upper crust,and negative anomaly on the lower crust and upper mantle.It is considered as a deep tectonhic setting in favor of strong earthquake‘s accumulation and occurrence.     

Aseismic negative dislocation model and deformation analysis of crustal horizontal movement during 1999——2001 in the northeast margin of Qinghai-Xizang block

Through numerical simulation for GPS data, aseism/c negative dislocation model for crustal horizontal movement during 1999-2001 in the northeast margin of Qinghai-Xizang block is presented, combined with the spatial distri-bution of apparent strain field in this area, the characteristics of motion and deformation of active blocks and their boundary faults, together with the place and intensity of strain accumulation are analyzed. It is shown that: a) 9 active blocks appeared totally clockwise motion from eastward by north to eastward by south. Obvious sinistral strike-slip and NE-NEE relative compressive motion between the blocks separated by Qilianshan-Haiyuan fault zone was discovered; b) 20 fault segments (most of them showed compression) locked the relative motion between blocks to varying degrees, among the total, the mid-east segment of Qilianshan fault (containing the place where it meets Riyueshan-Lajishan fault) and the place where it meets Haiyuan fault and Zhuanglanghe fault, more favored accumulation of strain. Moreover, the region where Riyueshan-Lajishan fault meets north boundary of Qaidam block may have strain accumulation to some degree, c) Obtained magnitude of block velocities and locking of their boundaries were less than relevant results for observation in the period of 1993-1999.     

盆地岩石圈结构与油气成藏及分布

本文综述了大陆岩石圈研究现状和克拉通盆地、裂谷盆地和前陆盆地的岩石圈结构特征,指出在古裂谷、褶皱带或区域性深断裂等陆壳构造薄弱带上发育起来的多期叠合盆地,具有很好的含油气前景。大型含油气盆地往往存在地幔上隆、地壳减薄和地壳内低速层,盆地基底沉降与盖层沉积厚度较大。适度的后期构造活动改造和岩浆活动有利于沉积盆地内油气生成与保存。     

特定基准下的异常位移诊断

针对地壳运动和变形研究中存在的位移资料的参考基准、异常位移等问题，主要讨论了位移资料特定基准的转换和异常位移诊断的数学模型——特定基准转换模型为七参数相似变换模型，转换保持了变形体内部相对位置关系不变，并使转换后的位移矢量更能体现区域内的相对运动信息；异常位移诊断采用拟准检定法(QUAD)，在选定拟准观测的情况下，使得位移真误差具有明显的分群性；模拟算例结果显示，本文采用的线性变换模型、粗差拟准检定法都表现出很好的效果。     

地震预报的研究为何进步不快？

地震作为一种物理现象，认识到一定的程度肯定是能够预报的。但是，它是一个困难的课题，因为地球中的震源体不能直接观测到，并且最重要的参量——应力的强度也不能直接测出。同时，地震学是一门年轻的学科，地震的起因只是到了20世纪60年代才被揭示出来：先进的地震台网以及测量地壳形变的技术，象地球定位系统(GPS)和合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术(lnSAR)仅仅是最近才开始在线布设。布设足够密度的测点，才能在了解破裂的过程时有重大进展，也只有日本才能做到。可是在美国还没有一个实用的地震预报研究程序。主要原因是资金赞助机构和同级的评审机构都回避非专业化的领域，但却促成了一些单项的活动。虽然一些成功的预报意见看来理由并不充分，确实有少量准确预报的例子。多数的预报都有几年的时间间隔，但有时也精确到几天，并且能提供准备活动的时间，为取得更大的进步，我们必须创造一个严格的科学的探讨范畴，在这里允许非专业人员大胆尝试。领导者应当把必要的资金投入到这项工作中来，包括把最优秀的智力投入到这个充满希望的有益于社会，但也颇具争论的课题中来。