中国最富集的优良土壤资源

以可靠的黄土是冷干气候条件下发育的狭义古土壤的研究新成果为依据，结合野外调查和室内分析资料，探讨黄土高原的土壤资源特点和对农林业发展的作用。研究结果表明，西北黄土区是世界上土壤资源最富集的地区，黄土是结构最好，性质优越，化学元素非常丰富的宝贵土壤资源，具有生长品质优良农作物的性质和重要的开发利用价值。     

基于CDEGS系统的土壤结构参数及接地体仿真分析

土壤结构的全面、正确分析,对接地装置的优化设计有重要意义。本文根据温纳四极法原理,利用CDEGS(Current Distribution,Electromagnetic fields,Grounding and Soil structure analysis)系统建立土壤电阻率测量仿真模型,对自定义的土壤结构进行土壤电阻率仿真,再反演得到土壤结构参数反演值。通过土壤结构参数反演值与定义值的对比分析,验证土壤结构反演的正确性。通过进行现场测试工作,将接地电阻的现场测量值和仿真值进行对比,验证土壤结构反演和接地电阻值仿真的有效性。探讨了在2层土壤结构下,增加垂直或水平接地体对接地电阻的降低效果。仿真和现场测试表明,该系统能反演得到真实的土壤结构、接地电阻,从而指导接地装置的设计、评估接地电阻。     

成都平原水耕人为土诊断层的微形态特征与土壤基层分类

对成都平原地区广泛分布的水耕人为土中，就同一亚类的几种典型土系，对其诊断层的土壤微形态特征进行研究，提出了划分不同土系及其所属土壤的土壤属性如：土壤颗粒、土壤矿物、土壤结构、土壤形成物等的特征的微形态证据。研究表明：土壤诊断层的微形态特征能够综合地、直观地、准确地反映土壤这些分类属性，同时还能提供土壤生产性方面的信息。所以本研究结果在土壤系统分类的基层分类以及应用于生产上，都有重要的理论和实践意义。     

不同起源格式栲林地的土壤分形特征

土壤结构性是影响土壤肥力的一个重要因素.本文运用分形模型对不同起源格氏栲林分表层土壤团粒结构进行研究,探讨了分形维数与土壤肥力的关系.研究结果表明格氏栲天然林结构多层,土壤粒径分布的分形维数小,水稳性团聚体即＞0.25nn的团粒含量高,土壤养分除水解性总酸度外,其它含量均较高,土壤团聚体水稳性能良好,土壤具有良好的渗透性、自动调节及抗逆性能,非毛管孔隙发达,土壤肥力较高;格氏栲纯人工林,林分结构单一,其土壤粒径分布的分形维数较低,土壤养分含量、水分状况及土壤通透性低于天然林,土壤肥力下降;分形维数为不同起源格氏栲林分表层土壤肥力特征描述提供新尺度、新方法.     

Evaluation of FEMA-440 for including soil-structure interaction

Replacing the entire soil-structure system with a fixed base oscillator to consider the effect of soil-structure interaction (SSI) is a common analysis method in seismic design. This technique has been included in design procedures such as NEHRP, ASCE, etc. by defining an equivalent fundamental period and damping ratio that can modify the response of the structure. However, recent studies indicate that the effects of SSI should be reconsidered when a structure undergoes a nonlinear displacement demand. In recent documents on Nonlinear Static Procedures (NSPs), FEMA-440 (2005), a modified damping ratio of the replacement oscillator was proposed by introducing the ductility of the soil-structure system obtained from pushover analysis. In this paper, the damping defined in FEMA-440 to include the soil-structure interaction effect is evaluated, and the accuracy of the Coefficient Method given in FEMA-440 and the Equivalent Linearization Method is studied. Although the improvements for Nonlinear Static Procedures (NSPs) in FEMA-440 are achieved for a fixed base SDOF structure, the soil effects are not perfectly obtained. Furthermore, the damping definition of a soil-structure system is extended to structures to consider bilinear behavior.     

矿物和岩石在我省农业生产中的作用

我省是一个农业大省,作为全国最大的商品粮生产基地,粮食生产在全省、全国的经济地位十分重要,经过全省几代人的努力,把昔日的“北大荒”变成了今日的“北大仓”。但是随着几十年的种植,土壤结构、自然地力都产生了不同程度退化,在某种程度上制约了农业生产的可持续性发展,为了实现粮食的稳产增产,另辟蹊径,研究矿物、岩石在农业生产中的作用意义重大。     

土壤分形结构对其水力性质的指示作用

研究土壤的水力性质是进行生态水文模拟、农业水分管理和环境监测的关键,然而强烈的空间变异造成土壤的物性特征异常复杂,特别是水力性质测定困难,试验结果随机性强,耗费大量人力物力,却难以准确描述。本文在综合分析了国内外30余种量化土壤水力性质的研究方法的优劣后,系统总结了分形理论在土壤物性特征研究中的应用,剖析了分形理论与土壤水力性质之间的关系,旨在探讨土壤分形结构在水力性质领域的发展前景,以及在测定水力特性参数时所具备的优势。结果表明：(1)采用分形方法定量研究土壤结构具备可行性;(2)分形结构方法能够指示水力性质,并能为快速准确刻画不同尺度下的土壤水分分布特征提供科学依据;(3)利用已知土壤水力性质建立分形模型可以有效反演土壤结构。     

贡嘎山东坡亚高山林区土壤结构综合评价

土壤结构状况对森林水文生态功能的发挥具有重要作用,以青藏高原东部、长江上游亚高山天然林区不同林型下土壤为研究对象,通过20个土壤结构指标的分析、计算,运用主成分-聚类分析方法综合评价了该区土壤结构。结果表明:20个土壤结构性评价常用指标所反映的信息有较大的重叠性,4个主成分表达了全部信息的90%以上,表现出土壤团聚体及稳定性、固相物质空间排列形成的孔隙、细粒物质等在土壤结构性能中具重要意义;林木生长的成熟化、混交或乔灌结合对土壤结构性能有较强促进作用。研究结果对于土壤结构综合评价方法选择、加强森林经营与培育以促进土壤结构发育、充分发挥森林水文生态效应具有一定的指导作用。     

Micromorphological analysis of soil structure under no tillage management in the black soil zone of Northeast China

The structure of the ＂black soil＂ in Northeast China has been greatly deteriorated by long-term intensive conventional mouldboard plow tillage （CT） practices. In this study, micro- morphological observation and image analysis of soil thin sections were conducted to evaluate the impacts of 21 years （1986-2007） of no tillage （NT） on soil structure as compared to CT in an experiment near Gongzhuling City, Jilin Province. Soil organic matter （SOM）, wet aggregate stability and saturated hydraulic conductivity （Ks） were also analyzed. Total SOM was not significantly affected by tillage systems, but fresher SOM was observed in the surface layer under NT. The aggregates under NT showed different hierarchies in the form of crumbs, and the mean weight diameter （MWD） of NT was significant higher than that of CT in the surface layer. Platy and blocky aggregates were frequently observed in the lower layers under CT practice. The compound pore structure with intertwined intra- and inter- aggregates pores under NT was well developed in a layer from 0-5 cm to 20-25 era. While under CT system, more inter-aggregate pores and fewer intra- aggregate pores were observed, and planes and channels were frequently found in the 20-25 cm layer, where maeroporosity decreased significantly and a plow pan was evident. The Ks values of NT weresignificantly lower at o-5 cm but significantly higher at 20-95 cm compared with CT, which showed the same trend with macroporosity. These results confirmed that long-term CT practice fragmented the tillage layer soil and compacted the lower layer soil and formed a plow pan. While long-term NT practice in the black soil region favored soil aggregation and a stable porous soil structure was formed, which are important to the water infiltration and prevent soil erosion.     

矿物肥在农业生产中大显身手

矿物肥是精选麦饭石、方解石、黄金石、沸石等多种名贵天然矿石为主要原料,加以多种有益生物菌,运用现代高科技手段熬合而成的一种新型、绿色、环保、高效的多元素天然矿物肥,富含磷、钾、钙、硅、硫、铁、锌、锰、钼、硼、锶、钡、溴等50多种元素及多种有益菌。施用矿物肥能提高土壤肥力,改善土壤结构,