中国西北部高山区多尺度降水稳定同位素的时空变化成因分析

大气降水氢氧稳定同位素可以指示降水过程的气候环境变化,分析其变化对于研究现在及过去气候条件下的水文循环过程具有重要意义。本研究选取中国西北部典型的天山、昆仑山为研究对象,基于研究区5个高山站点2013—2015年间的353个大气降水样品的δ²H、δ¹⁸O分析测试结果,系统分析了不同时间尺度下δ²H与δ¹⁸O的时空分布特征及其与环境要素的关系,并结合ERA5数据探讨了其水汽通量及风向特征。结果表明：(1)研究区大气降水稳定同位素呈现较为显著的时空变化特征,降水δ¹⁸O季节上呈现夏高冬低,而空间上呈现北高南低;拟合的区域大气降水线为δ²H=7.74δ¹⁸O+5.83 (R²=0.98),揭示其降水过程受云下蒸发影响强烈(斜率较低)。(2)研究区降水δ¹⁸O与温度呈现正相关关系,与高程呈现负相关关系,而与降水量间无显著相关关系。(3)水汽来源的分析结果表明,研究区水汽输送路径主要为西方路径(占比6...     

Root structure,distribution and biomass in five multipurpose tree species of Western Himalayas

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The tree root distribution pattern and biomass of seventeen year old trees of Grewia optiva, Morus alba, Celtis australis, Bauhinia variegata and Robinia pseudoacacia were studied by excavation method. B. variegata roots penetrated to a maximum depth of 4.78 m, whereas, M. alba roots were found down to 1.48 m depth. Lateral spread was minimum in B. variegata （1.10 m）and maximum inR. pseudoacacia （7.33 m）. Maximum root biomass of 6.30 kg was found in R. pseudoacacia and minimum （2.43 kg） was found in M. alba. For four species viz.,G. optiva, M. alba, C. australis andR. pseudoacacia, 68%-87% root biomass occurred within top 0-30 cm soil depth, but forB. variegata this was only45%. The soil binding factor was maximum in G. optiva and minimum in B. variegata. Soil physico-chemical properties also showed wide variation. The study suggests thatB. variegata with a deep root system is the most suitable species for plantation under agroforestry systems. R. pseudoacacia and G. optiva with deep root systems, more lateral spread and high soil binding factor are suitable for plantation on degraded lands for soil conservation.     

Changes in Land Use and Agricultural Production Structure Before and After the Implementation of Grain for Green Program in Western China–Taking Two Typical Counties as Examples

Soil erosion becomes a serious environmental problem in the world, especially in western China. An effective management practice called the Grain for Green Program （GGP）, which was launched in 1999, aims to reduce soil and water loss and alleviate the ecological environment problem in western China. Two typical counties in western China, the Zhongxian （in Chongqing Municipality） and Ansai （in Shaanxi Province） were chosen to evaluate the dynamic changes of land use and agricultural production structure before and after the implementation of the Program in this paper. The results showed that the cultivated land area was reduced by 7.08% from 1989 to 2003. The cultivated land per person was decreased by 8.42% during 1999-2003. Moreover, the stability index of the secondary sector of the economy was increased from 0.91 in the period 1990-1999 to 0.94 in the following ten years. In addition, the stability index of tertiary economic sector increased from 0.88 to 0.92 in Zhongxian county. Meanwhile, the cultivated land area was reduced by 15.48% from 1990 to 1999. The soil erosion modulus was decreased by 33.33% from 1999 to 2006. Also, the stability index of secondary and tertiary economic sectors was 0.86 in the period 1998-2002. However, it decreased by 77% during 2002 to 2007 in Ansai County. These results imply that the Grain for Green Program had different impact on the two regions. Several effective strategies of soil and water conservation have been carried out to ameliorate the sustainable development of ecological environment and economy in these two counties of western China.     

吉林省新生代玄武岩中红、蓝宝石矿找矿方向

通过收集前人资料和野外地质调查及地球化学分析,对中国东部发育红、蓝宝石矿的不同地区进行了对比研究,进而从寄主岩类型、寄主岩形成时代和火山机构四周发育的第四系沉积物特征角度,提出了吉林省应将伊舒带、敦密带、东宁-宽甸带作为首选的红、蓝宝石找矿方向。     

基于地理加权回归的吉林省人口城镇化动力机制分析

以吉林省各县域(市辖区)为基本单元,借助第六次人口普查和统计年鉴的相关数据,结合地理加权回归模型和空间自相关分析方法,讨论人口城镇化水平和国有动力、非国有动力、农业动力及外向动力等因素的空间相关关系,并以此解释人口城镇化分县域(市辖区)差异的影响因素。结果表明:国有动力对吉林省人口城镇化的影响作用最大,影响强度由中北部向西南、东南两个方向递减;农业动力和非国有动力分居二、三位,但差别不明显。其中农业动力的影响强度由西北向东南方向递减,非国有动力的影响强度由东南向西北递减;外向动力对人口城镇化的影响力较弱,影响强度各地区差别较大。吉林省人口城镇化未来发展应重视非国有动力的影响和农村现代化的作用;关注人口城镇化动力多元化,考虑实现错位发展和个性化发展。     

北冰洋西部表层沉积物矿物学特征及其物质来源

对北冰洋西部79个表层沉积物样品进行了全岩X射线衍射矿物组成分析,结合洋流和地质背景,探讨各矿物分区的物质来源。矿物组合分区表明研究区物质来源变化较为复杂:(1)在楚科奇海的中部靠近白令海峡处长石含量很高,主要是阿纳德尔流携带的来自阿纳德尔河的沉积物;在楚科奇海的西侧的长石含量也较高,且与其他矿物组合分区相比,角闪石含量较高,这是因为受阿纳德尔流和东西伯利亚沿岸流的双重影响,沉积物来自西伯利亚陆地的一些高含长石的火山岩及沉积岩等。在楚科奇海的东侧,石英含量很高,来源为阿拉斯加沿岸流携带的育空河及卡斯奎姆河的沉积物。在阿拉斯加北部,碳酸盐岩和石英含量高,这与马更些河搬运的沉积物有关;(2)北冰洋西部深水区中加拿大海盆的南端和中部方解石和白云石的含量较低,说明受波弗特环流携带的加拿大北极群岛的碳酸盐影响相对较小,且与其他矿物组合分区相比,云母含量最高,说明沉积物主要来源为来自拉普捷夫海的海冰沉积物;此外,一些黏土级细粒物质可能由大西洋中层水携带而来。深水区的其他海域以方解石和白云石含量高为特点,主要受波弗特环流的影响,来源主要为加拿大北极群岛的班克斯岛和维多利亚岛;此外,还受来自西伯利亚陆架,主要是拉普捷夫海沉积物的影响。     

平湖油气田主断裂西部烃源评价及油源对比

平湖油气田主力含油气区位于平湖主断裂以东区域,油源主要来源于东部生烃凹陷的半封闭海湾暗色泥岩和煤层.公司于2011年11月在主断裂西部钻了一口探井XY井,目的是为探测主断裂西部含油气情况,扩大油气储量.结果钻遇油气层12m,测试获日产气14.66×104m3,日产油107.8 m3,取得了一定突破.为进一步评价西部含油气规模,钻后进行了油源对比研究,认为西部的油气主要是东部运移聚集的结果,西部源岩也有一定贡献.西部有形成一定规模油气藏的潜力.     

Spatial structure of central places in Jilin Central Urban Agglomeration,Jilin Province,China

Using the radius of gyration from fractal theory, this paper describes the calculation of fractal dimensions for the four tiers of central places in the Jilin Central Urban Agglomeration(JCUA), Jilin Province, China and the structural characteristics of each tier: 1) the 1st tier central place, Changchun Proper(not including Shuangyang District), provides the most service functions and has the most stable primate position; 2) the 2nd tier central places, Jilin Proper, Siping Proper, Liaoyuan Proper and Songyuan Proper have unclear statuses and do not provide certain functions; 3) the 3rd tier central places comprise 23 county-level cities, counties and urban districts(including Shuangyang District of Changchun), exhibiting a dense spatial structure that agrees with theory; 4) the 4th tier contains the largest number of central places(248 designated towns), but they are loosely distributed. In this study, a spatial image of the JCUA was created, based on vectorized data of the urban settlement distribution, which was then modified and abstracted to create a hexagonal network covering the JCUA. Compared to the traditional central place model, the modified spatial image conforms to the K = 3 principle. In reality, however, the growth of some 3rd tier central places should be increased with the cities being upgraded to the 2nd tier so as to overcome that tier′s functional deficiency. The loose distribution in the 4th tier should also be changed. This apparent anomaly can be explained by the fact that the classic hexagon model used to describe the way market areas layout does not exist in the real world. However, this should not be viewed as an obstacle to using central place theory. If its assumptions are properly applied, it can still assist research into the spatial structure of regions.     

别有洞天的织金洞

正"黄山归来不看岳,织金洞外无洞天。琅嬛胜地瑶池境,始信天宫在人间。"中国作家协会副会长冯牧在诗中这样写道……织金洞,一个美丽的奇迹,在渴望震撼的你我心中,它的召唤会勾起我们心灵的颤动。当疲惫的我们抛弃了尘嚣的烦恼,推开身边的琐事来到这里,万千景象尽收眼底,穿梭于美妙的洞穴之中,是何等的惬意,何等的惊叹!织金洞原名打鸡洞,地处贵州西部高原山区,位于乌江上游鸭池河、三岔河交汇环抱之间,属于高位旱溶洞,典型的喀斯特地貌,其碳酸岩成分高达90%以上。这里属亚     

我国西部1:50000地图新产品设计与表达技术

西部测图工程以"丰富产品种类,拓展服务领域"为设计宗旨,力求地图新产品开发,在传统4D产品的基础上,根据西部地物地貌特征补充了地形图要素内容,开发研制了影像地图、晕渲地形图新产品。本文针对原有地形图在表达西部地物地貌特征方面的不足,介绍了西部测图工程中地图新产品的内容设计与制图表达,包括地形图要素扩充内容与制图表达、影像地图产品内容设计与制图表达、晕渲地形图产品内容设计与制图表达等技术内容。地图新产品设计与表达技术已应用在西部测图中,指导生产了我国西部首批1:50000地形图、影像地图和晕渲地形图产品,丰富了我国基本比例尺地形图产品种类。