台风“卢碧”变性增强过程的诊断研究

利用日本气象厅JRA再分析资料和台风最佳路径资料以及TRMM降水资料,对0920号台风"卢碧"变性过程的环流形势、高低层热力异常和锋生锋消等特征进行了分析研究。结果表明,"卢碧"的变性是中高纬度冷空气入侵的结果,变性过程伴随着西风槽的东移,高空急流的加强以及西太平洋副热带高压的减弱东撤。低纬度暖湿气流及较大的正涡度异常气旋式卷入台风环流,并在其东北侧积聚产生大量降水,释放的凝结潜热有利于北侧脊的加强,使得高空急流进一步加强,使得台风中心气压进一步降低。锋生、强降水伴随的潜热释放以及气旋中心气压之间存在着正反馈效应是"卢碧"变性后得以增强再发展的主要原因。热成风涡度梯度的分布对"卢碧"的变性增强过程具有较好的指示意义。     

南极普里兹湾暖水涌升陆架过程及在陆架上的时空分布特征分析

Hydrographic observations collected by conductivity-temperature-depth(CTD) and instrumented elephant seals on the Prydz Bay continental shelf during 2012 and 2013 are used to characterize the intrusion of modified circumpolar deep water.As a regular occurrence,modified circumpolar deep water(MCDW) intrudes onto the shelf mainly between 150–300 m layer of 73°–75°E and then turns southeast affected by the cyclonic gyre of the Prydz Bay.The southernmost point of the warm water signal is captured on the east front of Amery Ice Shelf during March 2012.In terms of vertical distribution,MCDW occupies the central layer of 200 m with about 100 m thickness in the austral summer,but when to winter transition,the layer of MCDW deepens with time on the central shelf.     

纪念陈志恺院士

正2013年9月听说陈志恺院士重病,心中十分惦记,可是我因患"老年性黄斑变性(湿性)",视物昏花且常跑医院,直至惊悉陈志恺院士已于10月19日逝世都未能去探望他,心中留下深深的遗憾。陈志恺于1926年11月28日出生于上海市闸北区。1946年考入上海交通大学水利工程系,1950年毕业获学士学位。1950年6月至1954年秋任华东水利部技术     

中药联合雷珠单抗治疗湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性疗效的Meta分析

目的：评价中药联合雷珠单抗治疗湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性（wAMD）的临床疗效,为中西医综合治疗wAMD提供客观依据。方法：检索中国知网（CNKI）、万方数据（WANFANG DATE）、维普中文科技期刊数据库（VIP）、PubMed、Web of Science数据库中有关中药联合雷珠单抗治疗wAMD的临床随机对照试验（RCT）,检索时间为建库至2020年5月28日。对纳入文献进行质量评价和数据提取,运用RevMan 5.3软件进行统计学分析,Stata软件绘制漏斗图检测发表偏倚,分析最佳矫正视力（BCVA）、黄斑中央厚度（CMT）、眼底出血面积、眼底渗出面积、脉络膜新生血管（CNV）渗漏、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的组间差异,其中BCVA以ETDRS评分、视力小数记数、视力logMAR作为评价指标。结果：共纳入10篇文献,包括808 例患者（848眼）,其中治疗组405 例（426眼）,对照组403 例（422眼）。Meta分析结果显示,与单纯采用雷珠单抗的对照组相比,治疗组能改善BCVA：早期糖尿病视网膜病变治疗研究（ETDRS）视力表评分［MD=5.52,95%CI(1.62,9.42),P=0.006］、视力小数记数［MD=0.09,95%CI(0.04,0.14),P=0.0002］、最小分辨角对数（logMAR）视力［MD=-0.17,95%CI(-0.19,-0.15),P<0.00001］）,减小CMT［MD=-26.20,95%CI(-37.93,-14.46),P<0.0001］,减少眼底出血面积［MD=-0.23,95%CI(-0.31,-0.15),P<0.00001］,减少CNV渗漏［OR=4.36,95%CI(1.73,11.02),P=0.002］,降低血清VEGF水平［MD=-19.08,95%CI(-24.40,-13.76),P<0.00001］。对减少眼底渗出面积方面的疗效比较,2组差异无统计学意义［MD=-0.19,95%CI(-0.43,0.05),P=0.13］。结论：中药联合雷珠单抗可显著改善wAMD患者视力,减少CMT、眼底出血面积、CNV渗漏,降低血清VEGF水平,中药辅助治疗wAMD可能是未来的一个趋势。但纳入文献质量较低,视力测量方式不一,降低了研究的可信度,期待更多高质量的RCTs验证这一结论。     

西北太平洋热带气旋变性阶段强度变化的比较研究

选取西北太平洋上两个生命史中发生变性的热带气旋Yagi和Francisco,前者变性后有一个24小时的再增强过程,而后者则继续减弱直至消亡。利用日本气象厅提供的热带气旋资料和美国环境预报中心(NCEP)提供的FNL全球分析资料,对比分析两个TC在变性阶段的形势场,发现两者在高低层的环境场均具有明显的差异:Yagi在变性阶段其高空槽较强且在低层有一个与中纬度原先存在的温带气旋合并的过程;而Francisco在变性阶段其高空槽较弱,且变性后自行消亡。另外探讨了导致Yagi变性增强的原因,结果表明:(1)Yagi变性阶段与高空槽前的急流相互作用时,高空急流入口区左侧和出口区右侧的次级环流将产生高空辐散低空辐合的趋势,有利于低层TC低压的发展。同时,当Yagi在穿越急流的过程当中,垂直风切变的增加将导致斜压不稳定增强,低层锋区强烈发展,锋区内的斜压能量可能向TC动能转化,从而使得Yagi发展增强;(2)高空槽所对应的高层湿位涡下传可使得低层正涡度增长,从而在低层诱生出气旋性环流,有利于Yagi变性后重新发展;(3)Yagi与中纬度原先存在的温带气旋发生合并,温带气旋所带来的较高纬度冷空气的入侵增强了低层的水平温度梯度,使得低层锋区强烈发展,从Yagi以一个锋面气旋的形式而再度发展,促使其变性后进一步增强。而这些特征都是Francisco所不具备的。     

华北平原一次持续性大雾过程的成因分析

利用台站加密观测资料和NCEP再分析资料，对2004年11月29日～12月3日华北平原一次持续性大雾天气过程的大尺度天气背景、大雾动力和热力结构特征及其演变、辐射冷却作用等进行了计算和分析，揭示了大雾过程的形成和维持机制。结果表明：在中高层暖性高压脊及地面变性冷高压稳定维持的大尺度背景条件下，地表净辐射引起的近地层冷却是大雾过程的触发和加强机制；中低空下沉气流的存在有助于近地层的弱风条件和稳定层结的建立；低层暖平流的输入和边界层的浅层抬升是大雾长时间持续的原因；伴随冷空气南下的偏北大风是驱使女露消韵的动力因子．     

中国大陆上变性加强热带气旋的诊断分析

利用1979-2007年日本气象厅热带气旋年鉴资料,对在中国大陆上发生变性的热带气旋进行了统计分析,结果表明:29 a间中国大陆上发生变性的热带气旋共有16个,占登陆中国热带气旋总数的8.56％,其中8个变性后加强.利用日本JRA-25再分析资料诊断分析了这8个变性加强热带气旋的湿位涡垂直分布特征以及影响热带气旋变性发...     

Response of Microbial Community to Petroleum Stress and Phosphate Dosage in Sediments of Jiaozhou Bay,China

The dynamic microcosms were used to evaluate the effect of oil spills on microbial ecological system in marine sedi- ment and the enhancement of nutrient on the oil removal. The function and structure of microbial community caused by the oil pollu-tion and phosphate dosage were simultaneously monitored by dehydrogenase activity assay and PCR-denaturing gradient gel elec- trophoresis （DGGE） techniques. The results indicated that the amount of total bacteria in all dynamic microcosms declined rapidly with incubation time. The number of petroleum-degrading bacteria and the activity of sediment dehydrogenase were gradually en-hanced by petroleum in the oil-treated microcosms, while they both showed no obvious response to phosphate dosage. In comparison, phosphate spiked heterotrophic bacteria and they showed a significant increase in amount. DGGE profiles indicated that petroleum dosage greatly changed community structure, and the bacteria belonged to class Deltaproteobacteria, and phyla Bacteroidetes and Chlorobi were enriched. This study demonstrated that petroleum input greatly impacted the microbial community structure and con- sequently the marine sediment petroleum-degrading activity was enhanced. Phosphate dosage would multiply heterotrophic bacteria but not significantly enhance the petroleum degradation.     

Metabolic and Phylogenetic Profile of Bacterial Community in Guishan Coastal Water（Pearl River Estuary）, South China Sea

Characteristics of a microbial community are important as they indicate the status of aquatic ecosystems. In the present study, the metabolic and phylogenetic profile of the bacterioplankton community in Guishan coastal water（Pearl River Estuary）, South China Sea, at 12 sites（S1–S12） were explored by community-level physiological profiling（CLPP） with BIOLOG Eco-plate and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis（DGGE）. Our results showed that the core mariculture area（S6, S7 and S8） and the sites associating with human activity and sewage discharge（S11 and S12） had higher microbial metabolic capability and bacterial community diversity than others（S1–5, S9–10）. Especially, the diversity index of S11 and S12 calculated from both CLPP and DGGE data（H 3.2） was higher than that of others as sewage discharge may increase water nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient. The bacterial community structure of S6, S8, S11 and S12 was greatly influenced by total phosphorous, salinity and total nitrogen. Based on DGGE fingerprinting, proteobacteria, especially γ- and α-proteobacteria, were found dominant at all sites. In conclusion, the aquaculture area and wharf had high microbial metabolic capability. The structure and composition of bacterial community were closely related to the level of phosphorus, salinity and nitrogen.