Land cover change detection in West Jilin using ETM ＋ images

In order to assess the information content and accuracy of Landsat ETM digital images in land cover change detection,change-detection techniques of image differencing, normalized difference vegetation index,principal components analysis and tasseled-cap transformation were applied to yield 13 images. These images were thresholded into change and no change areas. The thresholded images were then checked in terms of various accuracies. The experiment results show that kappa coefficients of the 13 images range from 48.05-78.09. Different images do detect different types of changes. Images associated with changes in the near-inflared-reflectance or greenness detects crop-type changes and changes between vegetative and non-vegetative features. A unique means of using only Landsat imagery without reference data for the assessment of change in arid land are presented. Images of 12t June, 2000 and 2‘d June, 2002 are used to validate the means. Analyses of standard accuracy and spatial agreement are performed to compare the new images (hereafter called “change images” ) representing the change between the two dates. Spatial agreement evaluates the conformity in the classified “change pixels” and “no-change pixels” at the same location on different change images and comprehensively examines the different techniques. This method would enable authorities to monitor land degradation efficiently and aeculately.     

Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Swift Era

1 INTRODUCTION Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are fascinating celestial objects. These short, energetic bursts of gamma-rays mark the most violent, cataclysmic explosions in the universe, likely associated with the births of stellar- size black holes or rapidly spinning, highly magnetized neutron stars. Since the detections of their long- wavelength afterglows (Costa et al. 1997; van Paradijs et al. 1997; Frail et al. 1997), GRBs are observa- tionally accessible in essentially all electromagn…     

土地违法执法难难于上青天

2006年，国土资源部对25座城市建设用地情况，进行了卫星遥感图片检查，结果基本证实了业内人士对土地法规遵守情况的悲观估计：在所有新增建设用地中，合法用地只占二分之一到三分之二。违法用地占三分之一算是管理比较好的，占二分之一算是正常。比如，有一座城市，市区2004年10月到2005年10月一年内，新增建设用地9084亩．其中合法用地5928亩，违法用地3156亩，违法用地占新增建设用地总数的35％。 我国的土地法律法规不可谓不严，违反规划占耕地必须拆除，非法占基本农田5亩就要判刑，非法批地基本农田5～10亩责任人就要降级或撤职，10亩以上就要开除公职。从字面上讲，笔者相信这是世界上最严厉的土地管理制度。耗费的精力不可谓不大，从1997年开始，不是冻结就是清理整顿，“运动”一个接着一个；领导人不可谓不重视，政治局几乎所有常委都做过批示，国家领导人讲话年年有，中央文件年年发。但为什么土地违法的形势依然严峻呢？个中原因固然很多，但有法不依、违法不纠、执行力不足是重要原因。     

FY-4A GIIRS高时间分辨率温湿度廓线反演及其在台风中的应用

针对2020年第9号台风"美莎克"期间FY-4A 高光谱红外干涉式大气垂直探测仪GIIRS每15 min一次的目标区跟踪加密观测资料,用三维卷积神经网络算法反演的全天空大气温度、湿度廓线分析了台风处于生命史不同阶段时暖心结构和湿度场结构的演变特征。结果表明:卷积神经网络的深度机器学习算法可以用来反演全天空的三维大气温度和湿度垂直廓线,不光适用范围广(晴空和有云视场)、反演精度高,而且反演速度快。利用静止卫星平台高时间分辨率的特性,反演得到的温度、湿度廓线可以细致追踪台风处于发展、成熟和登陆等阶段时暖心结构和湿度场的时空演变特征。台风从发展阶段(热带风暴和强热带风暴)到成熟阶段至登陆消亡时,暖心首先出现在对流层中高层较薄的区域,随着台风强度的加强,深厚的暖心结构明显、强度增加,水平面积增大且垂直往下延伸。由于对流云中强上升气流的输送水汽正距平区逐渐上传至300 hPa,台风最强时密闭云区与四周下沉气流区比湿差高到8 K·kg^-1。暖心结构和高湿度中心随着台风登陆而逐渐消失。     

高分辨率遥感在土地利用调查中的应用框架

1、引言陆地卫星遥感技术的广泛应用始于20世纪70年代,传统上主要有Landsat系列(美)、SPOT系列(法)、IRS(印度)、ALOS系列(日)、RESURSO1系列(俄)、中巴系列等。这些卫星的特点是多波段扫描、地面分辨率为530m,它们为土地利用调查提供了大量的数据资源,并且在土地利用调查过程中得到广泛应用。但这类中低空间分辨率遥感影像只能进行土地利用情况的粗粒度分类。随着技术发展,近年来出现了一些更高分辨率的遥感卫星(如表1),它们能为土地利用调查提供更清晰