高山流域分布水文系统的研究—以意大利北部Ampezzan Dolomites Upper Boite

文章介绍在北意大利Ampezzan Dolomites的Upper Boite河的高山流域在山区水文学方面进行分布水文系统研究（Engelen和Vrnneker,1988,见本卷）的实例。文章对这个面积约200km^2、高程1800-3000m的范围作了概要的结论性分析。Upeer Booite流域的水文特征主要受较高部位的大片裸露的或植被稀少的白云岩和岩溶化的石灰岩分布区的控制。本区春及初夏形成融雪的洪水，由春到夏持续产生基流，夏秋的暴雨产生洪流，并在低处形成泥石流。较低区域（标高在1800－2000m以下）蒸散强烈而在水文上不敏感，只有在某些渗透性相当差的火山凝灰岩与泥灰岩坍塌出露区，随夏季洪流才产生大量悬浮物质。     

Fluxes of CO<Subscript>2</Subscript>, CH<Subscript>4</Subscript> and N<Subscript>2</Subscript>O from alpine grassland in the Tibetan Plateau

Using static chamber technique,fluxes of CO2,CH4 and N2O were measured in the alpine grassland area from July 2000 to July 2001,determinations of mean fluxes showed that CO2 and N2O were generally released from the soil,while the alpine grassland accounted for a weak CH4 sink.Fluxes of CO2,CH4 and N2O ranged widely.The highest CO2 emission occurred in August,whereas almost 90?of the whole year emission occurred in the growing season.But the variations of CH4 and N2O fluxes did not show any clear patterns over the one-year-experiment.During a daily variation,the maximum CO2 emission occurred at 16:00,and then decreased to the minimum emission in the early morning.Daily pattern analyses indicated that the variation in CO2 fluxes was positively related to air temperatures(R^2=0.73)and soil temperatures at a depth of 5 cm(R^2=0.86),whereas daily variations in CH4 and N2O fluxes were poorly explained by soil temperatures and climatic variables.CO2 emissions in this area were much lower than other grasslands in plain areas.     

CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> processes in an alpine grassland ecosystem on the Tibetan Plateau

In this paper, the CO2 concentrations profile from 1.5 m depth in soil to 32 m height in atmosphere were measured from July 2000 to July 2001 in an alpine grassland ecosystem located in the permafrost area on the Tibetan Plateau, which revealed that CO2 concentrations varied greatly during this study period. Mean concentrations during the whole experiment in the atmosphere were absolutely lower than the CO2 concentrations in soil, which resulted in CO2 emissions from the alpine steppe soil to the atmosphere. The highest CO2 concentration was found at a depth of 1.5 m in soil while the lowest CO2 concentration occurred in the atmosphere. Mean CO2 concentrations in soil generally increased with depth. This was the compositive influence of the increasing soil moistures and decreasing soil pH, which induced the increasing biological activities with depth. Temporally, the CO2 concentrations at different layers in air remained a more steady state because of the atmospheric turbulent milking. During the seasonal variations, CO2 concentrations at surface soil interface showed symmetrical patterns, with the lowest accumulation of CO2 occurring in the late winter and the highest CO2 concentration in the growine seasons.     

新疆气象台站迁移及其对气候变化分析的影响

由于诸多原因,如城乡规划建设、外部环境遭受破坏和工作环境需要改善等,新疆现有105个国家基准气候站、国家基本气象站和一般气象站从1950年起到2004年,搬迁达73个站150次,占全区地面气象站总数的70%。气象台站搬迁在某种程度上会影响观测数据的连续性和一致性,特别对于气候变化分析工作,更要求数据的历史延续性。本文分析了新疆台站迁移状况以及台站迁移后对数据连续性的影响,为使用这些数据的研究人员分析研究新疆气候变化提供了很好的参考信息。     

唐古拉山一棵革——记全国气象系统先进集体伍道梁气象站

从戈壁新城格尔木出发，沿青藏公路向西南方向行进，身后的城市渐渐远去，展现在眼前的是一望无际的戈壁滩。穿过戈壁滩，汽车开始翻越纵横延绵的昆仑山。莽莽昆仑，巍峨壮丽，汽车仪表盘上的海拔高度指针也随着蜿蜒起伏的公路不断向上攀升，直到几乎不动地指到4600米左右的刻度上时，才让人意识到这里就是唐古拉山了，那举世瞩目的可可西里就在这里，那闻名遐迩的伍道梁气象站就坐落在无人区，气象站海拔4612米，犹如唐古拉山上的一颗小草，坚韧苍劲。     

自动站与人工站常规气象要素的对比分析

对比分析陕西省6个基准站2003—2005年自动站和人工观测的气压、气温和相对湿度,并对自动站观测的资料进行显著性检验。结果表明:自动站的气压和相对湿度观测值普遍低于人工观测值,偏差大都超出允许范围;气温月际变化不一,偏差基本在允许范围内,多数自动站观测值高于人工观测值,且夏季比冬季明显;自动站观测的气压、气温、相对湿度的月平均值与历史序列中的气压、气温、相对湿度无显著性差异。     

追忆丁在君

忆君逝在十年前亲自采煤湘水边为助粤汉通脉络不辞勤苦冒风烟麻姑桥畔留佳句 (君旅途诗有云为语麻姑桥下水出山要比在山清) 南岳游踪达顶巅     

"冰雪节"的拷问

反季节的"冰雪节"。6月30日至9月2日,正是杭州最为炎热、也是供电最为紧张的两个月。就是在这么个时段、就是在凤凰卫视"凤凰气象站"刚刚评出的新三大"火炉"城市之一的杭州,举办了反季节的冰雕展——"2007年杭州大型国际冰灯冰雪娱乐节"。据介绍,冰雕展容量有1万立方米,展区面积超过1500平方米,设置了欢乐"冰"纷迎宾区、梦幻盛景西子境等8个区域。用冰量达1000吨,而且都是用"环保无污染的自来水"制成的。其中一尊巨型弥勒佛就用冰150吨;