RegCM3区域气候模式对中国气候的模拟

使用RegCM3区域气候模式嵌套ERA40再分析资料,对东亚地区进行了15 a（1987-2001年）时间长度的数值积分试验。结果表明：模式可较好地模拟中国地面气温的分布和季节变化,但存在系统性的冷偏差;对降水的变化模拟也较好,但其地理分布模拟存在一定偏差。     

中国东北地区土地荒漠化与气候变化研究进展

地处中高纬度的中国东北地区西部正在发展的土地荒漠化,已经引起国内学者的共识和关注.综述了近十几年这一领域研究的进展.侧重介绍土地荒漠化与区域气候变化的研究成果,并对将来研究中应思考的问题提出某些建议.在全球变暖的背景下,对东北地区西部生态环境的恶化趋势,如何采取系统和大规模的工程整治和保护措施,不仅对保障国家重要的东北地区中部产粮区的安全生产有重要战略意义,而且对人类适应、减缓和应对气候变暖具有典型的示范作用.进一步鼓励和支持开展东北地区土地荒漠化与气候变化的研究是十分必要的,建议加强有关气候变化、环境干旱化、土地覆盖变化的固定和野外观测系统建设,加强多要素的气候系统观测工作,加强多学科交叉研究立项工作,不仅要掌握卫星遥感信息,更要掌握器测的地表有关要素的信息,从中准确得出该区土地覆盖变化的频繁和敏感区的分布,为研究土地覆盖动力学和制定对策奠定科学基础.     

植被变化对中国区域气候的影响I:初步模拟结果

利用区域气候模式(RegCM2)对中国植被变化的气候影响进行了模拟研究,结果表明江淮流域洪涝灾害增多及华北干旱的加剧可能是北方草原沙漠化与南方长绿阔叶林退化共同影响的结果,而且南方植被退化对其的影响似乎更严重.严重的植被退化会导致降水与植被退化之间的正反馈,易使退化区不断向外扩展且退化难以恢复.而程度较轻的植被退化,退化与降水减少之间是一种负反馈,当人为压力减弱后,退化较易恢复,但由于地表径流的增加,易导致洪涝灾害的发生.植被退化使气候变得更加恶劣,而北方草原植被增加使气候变得温和.但植树区外围的降水减少,易使新栽树林由外向内退化,说明目前的北方草原区气候似乎不支持在该地区出现大面积的森林.     

Inter-Comparison of lO-year Precipitation Simulated by Several RCMs for Asia

In phase Ⅱ of the Regional Climate Model Inter-comparison Project （RMIP） for Asia, the regional climate has been simulated for July 1988 through December 1998 by five regional climate models and one global variable resolution model. Comparison of the 10-year simulated precipitation with the observations was carried out. The results show that most models have the capacity to reproduce the basic spatial pattern of precipitation for Asia, and the main rainbelt can be reproduced by most models, but there are distinctions in the location and the intensity. Most models overestimate the precipitation over most continental regions. Interannual variability of the precipitation can also be basically simulated, while differences exist between various models and the observations. The biases in the stream field are important reasons behind the simulation errors of the Regional Climate Models （RCMs）. The cumulus scheme and land surface process have large influences on the precipitation simulation. Generally, the Grell cumulus scheme produces more precipitation than the Kuo scheme.     

大气棕色云和区域气候变化

<正>2008年联合国环境规划署(UNEP)发布了研究报告《大气棕色云——亚洲区域评价报告》(Atmospheric Brown Clouds—Regional Assessment Report with Focus on Asia),重点介绍了大气棕色云的基本概念、辐射强迫和气候效应,对有关亚洲大气棕色云和区域气候变化的最新研究进展进行了综述。     

RIEMS2.0不同模拟区域模拟中国北方多年气候平均态比较

Regional Integrated Environment Modeling System Version 2.0 （RIEMS2.0） is now being developed by the Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences. In order to test the sensitivity of the RIEMS2.0 model domain to simulate long-term climate and its change, and provide a basis for the further development and application of the model, the authors compared results between simulated and observed precipitation and surface-airtemperature using two model domains under different cumulus parameterization schemes. The model was driven by NCEP/NCAR re-analysis data with a simulation duration ranging from 1 January 1979 to 31 December 2007. There were no significant differences found in the spatial distributions of the simulated precipitation and surface-air-temperature, or interannual variations between the two model domains. There were, however, differences observed between the two model domain simulations of local sub-regions. The smaller model domain more accurately simulated precipitation, especially in summer （June, July, and August）, and decreased the bias of surface-airtemperature, especially in winter （December, January, and February）. The weak summer and winter monsoons simulated by the smaller model domain was a result of boundary forcings and may partially account for the improvements of this model.     

近20年中国土地利用变化影响区域气候的数值模拟

区域尺度土地利用/土地覆盖变化(LUCC)的气候效应以及土地覆盖数据的不确定性, 一直是LUCC研究不可忽视的关键问题。本研究基于最新的遥感资料, 采用新的区域气候模式RegCM4.0, 探讨了1990年至2010年中国LUCC对区域气候的影响。结果表明, 中国区域LUCC使得局地气温和日较差发生了显著改变, 而降水及低层环流场变化不显著;LUCC的影响存在季节性差异, 其中, 夏秋季响应程度较大且主要体现在边界层内。就LUCC对气候影响的机理各地区有所不同, 华北地区LUCC的气候效应主要受蒸散发作用主导, 而长江流域则由反照率与蒸散发共同作用。这些结果均说明, 较短时间尺度的LUCC气候效应主要体现在其局地范围, 且在不同的季节有所差异。     

Quantitative Assessment of Impacts of Regional Climate and Human Activities on Saline-alkali Land Changes： A Case Study of Qian＇an County, Jilin Province

Interdecadal and interannual variations of saline-alkali land area in Qian’an County, Jilin Province, China were comprehensively analyzed in this paper by means of satellite remote sensing interpretation, field flux observations and regional climate diagnosis. The results show that on the interannual scale, the impact of climate factors accounts for 71.6% of the total variation of the saline-alkali land area, and that of human activities accounts for 28.4%. Therefore the impact of climate factors is obviously greater than that of human activities. On the interdecadal scale, the impact of climate factors on the increase of the saline-alkali land area accounts for 43.2%, and that of human activities accounts for 56.8%. The impact of human activities on the variation of saline-alkali land area is very clear on the interdecadal scale, and the negative impact of human activities on the environment should not be negligible. Besides, changes in the area of heavy saline-alkali land have some indication for development of saline-alkali land in Qian’an County.     

包络地形和重力波拖曳对区域气候模拟效果的影响

用NCAR区域气候模式(RegCM2)的数值试验，研究了包络地形和地形重力波拖曳作用对1991年5、6月份中国区域内气候模拟效果的影响。通过试验结果的对比分析发现，在模式中引入地形重力波拖曳作用可在一定程度上改善模式对气候系统和要素的模拟效果，使模拟结果更符合气候实况。包络地形对模拟结果也有一定的改善，但对于细网格的区域气候模式(RCM)来说，其效果不如重力波拖曳明显。不论是地形重力波拖曳还是包络地形，在模式积分的初期，它们的作用并不明显，随着积分时间的增长，它们对模拟结果的影响程度增大。     

全国各省市气象科技期刊文章摘编46

1RegCM3引入气溶胶间接气候效应模拟效果对比 气象与环境学报2012年第l期徐萌柳浙江国际海运职业技术学院316021 摘要：采用高分辨率模式和最新资料对硫酸盐的辐射强迫和气候效应重新评估很有意义。利用2006年区域气候模式RegCM3和Streets气溶胶排放源清单,在原模式中引入间接气候效应模块,改进云降水方案,对硫酸盐气溶胶的时空分布、辐射强迫效应进行了模拟研究。