2003年夏季西北冰洋浮游动物群落结构和地理分布研究

根据西北冰洋43个调查站位的浮游动物种类组成和数量资料,分析了浮游动物的群落结构和地理分布特征,探讨了浮游动物群落与环境因子的关系.结果表明,在调查区域存在三种不同的浮游动物群落类型:楚科奇海台和加拿大海盆地区的高纬度深海群落;楚科奇海中部的陆架群落;阿拉斯加沿岸和楚科奇海北部的沿岸过渡群落.深海群落浮游动物数量较少,...     

在世界最高纬度的探险——记北亚、北冰洋的发现

俄罗斯的前身莫斯科公国,这是一个极具开拓精神的国家.在14世纪的时候,它还只有500平方英里的土地,一个半世纪后它的国土已经扩张了30倍,达到15000平方英里之多.这是因为15世纪的时候,它跟随着西方地理大发现的脚步,从欧洲大陆东部开始向北向东一路探索,一直到达太平洋沿岸,并将所过之处统统纳入了自己的版图.     

白令海峡和那些曾经的跋涉者们

部落里最优秀的猎手,甚至仅凭着一杆鱼叉,或是一根梭镖,顶着冻原上凛冽的北风和北冰洋冰冷的海水,去和世界上最庞大的动物——鲸搏斗.对于从未见识过海洋威力的他们,究竟需要何等的勇气与信念.不知何时起,穿越小说蝗虫般地席卷了各大网站的读书频道,穿越剧也霸占了电视台的黄金档,颇有些“忽如一夜春风来”的味道.细想起来,每每在回溯...     

Intercomparison of Surface Radiative Fluxes in the Arctic Ocean

Recent satellite data analysis has provided improved data sets relevant to the surface energy budget in the Arctic Ocean. In this paper, surface radiation properties in the Arctic Ocean obtained from the Surface Radiation Budget（SRB3.0） and the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project（ISCCP-FD） during 1984– 2007 are analyzed and compared. Our analysis suggests that these datasets show encouraging agreement in basin-wide averaged seasonal cycle and spatial distribution of surface albedo; net surface shortwave and all-wave radiative fluxes; and shortwave, longwave, and all-wave cloud radiative forcings. However, a systematic large discrepancy is detected for the net surface longwave radiative flux between the two data sets at a magnitude of ~ 23 W m–2, which is primarily attributed to significant differences in surface temperature, particularly from April to June. Moreover, the largest difference in surface shortwave and all-wave cloud radiative forcings between the two data sets is apparent in early June at a magnitude of 30 W m–2.     

全球气候变化导致北极熊食不果腹

正今年4月,挪威极地研究所的研究员在北冰洋斯瓦尔巴特群岛上,抓拍到一只看似体格健壮的雄性北极熊。而7月,再次见到这只北极熊时,却看到了它枯瘦如柴的尸体,令人不忍直视。对此,野生动物专家推测,正是由于全球气候变化,引起海冰层的不断消退,北极熊     

北冰洋水体对格陵兰海混合增密对流的可能影响分析

格陵兰海内发生的等密度混合后产生的增密对流是重要的对流现象之一。北冰洋正在发生快速变化,其内水团变性以及环流系统的改变都将使格陵兰海等密度混合对流发生明显变化,继而对全球气候变化产生影响。以往关于等密度混合对流的研究很少,大都集中在对流发生海域。由于等密度混合的主体是大西洋回流水与北冰洋流出水体,本文目的是探讨北极内部不同海域的水体会对混合增密对流造成的可能影响。文中定义了有效对流速度,强调水平温度梯度和垂向层化强度是影响有效对流速度的决定性因素;水平温度差越大,垂向层化越弱,产生的对流越强。发生在东格陵兰极锋处的有效对流都是大西洋的水体,一部分是在格陵兰海回流的大西洋回流水;一部分是在北冰洋潜沉并回流的北极大西洋水,该水体在北冰洋循环的时间越长,温度差越大,产生的有效对流越强。而横越北冰洋的太平洋水因密度过低而不能参与等密度混合对流,加拿大海盆主盐跃层之上的水体也都不能参与对流。北冰洋几个海盆深层水的温度差异明显,有可能与格陵兰海深层水形成有效对流;但是,由于深层水流速低、湍流混合弱、水平温度梯度小,是否可以产生有效对流尚不清楚。     

北冰洋海洋碳循环观测工程技术及其应用研究

该项目以在"雪龙"号破冰船上建立的综合观测平台为基础,构建了完整的"大气-海洋-沉积物"综合立体观测体系,利用科考获得的北冰洋碳体系数据,对北冰洋、白令海及西北冰洋CO2体系及其相关参数进行     

英国计划去南极“圈地”

由于地球能源危机愈演愈烈,各国针对极地的“圈地”运动也在或明或暗地紧张进行。一边是环北冰洋五国对北极地区的争夺正酣,而另一边一些国家染指“资源宝库”南极大陆的欲望也与日俱增。据悉,英国外交部正计划向联合国提出申请,要求获得对南极洲100万平方公里海床的主权权利。     

Interaction of an anticyclonic eddy with sea ice in the western Arctic Ocean: an eddy-resolving model study

The dramatic decline of summer sea ice extent and thickness has been witnessed in the western Arctic Ocean in recent decades, which hasmotivated scientists to search for possible factors driving the sea ice variability. An eddy-resolving, ice-ocean coupled model covering the entire Arctic Ocean is implemented, with focus on the western Arctic Ocean. Special attention is paid to the summer Alaskan coastal current (ACC), which has a high temperature (up to 5℃ ormore) in the upper layer due to the solar radiation over the open water at the lower latitude. Downstream of the ACC after Barrow Point, a surface-intensified anticyclonic eddy is frequently generated and propagate towards the Canada Basin during the summer season when sea ice has retreated away from the coast. Such an eddy has a warm core, and its source is high-temperature ACC water. A typical warm-core eddy is traced. It is trapped just below summer sea ice melt water and has a thickness about 60 m. Temperature in the eddy core reaches 2-3℃, and most water inside the eddy has a temperature over 1℃. With a definition of the eddy boundary, an eddy heat is calculated, which can melt 1 600 km² of 1mthick sea ice under extreme conditions.