利用小杂鱼,低值鱼提取浓缩鱼蛋白

以小杂鱼、低值鱼为原料,采用溶剂萃取法研究了溶剂种类温度、时间和溶剂量对鱼蛋白提取过程中脱水、脱脂、脱色和脱腥的影响,筛选出提取浓缩鱼蛋白最佳工艺条件。结果表明：在该工艺条件下制得的浓缩鱼蛋白提取其蛋白质含量达９２．２８％,脂肪含量仅为０．０９２％。     

鲶爱德华氏菌间接酶联免疫快速检测法的建立

用鲶爱德华氏菌兔抗血清作为一抗,碱性磷酸酶(AP)标记的羊抗兔IgG作为酶标二抗,建立黄颡鱼"红头病"病原菌—鲶爱德华氏菌的间接酶联免疫(ELISA)快速检测法,并优化检测条件。抗原最佳包被浓度为107/mL,一抗工作的最佳稀释度为1∶211,病原菌的检测灵敏度为105/mL,交叉反应实验证明该方法特异性强,与迟钝爱德华氏菌、弧菌等13种标准菌株无交叉。应用上述技术对人工感染发病鱼中分离的优势菌进行检测,结果表明阳性检出率为80%;对自然发病黄颡鱼体内分离获得的20株优势菌检测结果表明,12株菌为鲶爱德华氏菌。     

东太平洋赤道公海茎柔鱼生物学特性

根据2013年4~6月在赤道公海探捕期间采集茎柔鱼样本,研究赤道公海茎柔鱼渔业生物学特性。结果表明,不同性别、不同月份,茎柔鱼胴长和体质量组成不同。雌、雄性样本的胴长范围分别为93~495 mm和94~406 mm,优势胴长组分别为260~340 mm和240~320 mm,分别占样本总数72.53%和70.26%;雌、雄性样本体质量范围分别为25~3 900 g和33~2170 g,优势体质量组分别为400~1 200 g和200~1 000 g,分别占样本总数82.71%和87.82%。雌、雄性茎柔鱼净体质量比例分别介于31.69%~80.51%和37.05%~81.35%之间,平均值分别为60.45%和62.73%。协方差分析表明,茎柔鱼胴长与体质量、胴长与净体质量的生长均存在性别间差异,胴长与体质量的生长都最适合用幂函数表示,而胴长与净体质量的生长,雌、雄性样本分别最适合用幂函数和指数函数表示。不同月份茎柔鱼性别比例构成不同,4月、5月和6月性别比例分别为1.87∶1、1.61∶1和1.17∶1,全部样本的性别比例为1.61∶1。不同月份茎柔鱼性腺成熟度的组成不同。不同性别、不同月份间茎柔鱼胃含物等级组成存在差异。     

探索全球重要农业文化遗产生态价值实现机制——以青田县稻鱼共生模式为例

<正>一、背景青田稻田养鱼历史悠久,青田稻鱼共生系统于2005年6月被联合国粮农组织（FAO）列为首批全球重要农业文化遗产（GIAHS）。同年6月5日,时任浙江省委书记习近平同志曾作批示：“关注此唯一入选世界农业遗产项目,勿使其失传。”自获得GIAHS认定以来,青田稻鱼共生系统每年接待来自世界各地的大量访客,成为中国生态农业智慧、     

西北太平洋气候和海洋环境变化对柔鱼空间分布的影响

Ommastrephes bartramii is an ecologically dependent species and has great commercial values among the AsiaPacific countries. This squid widely inhabits the North Pacific, one of the most dynamic marine environments in the world, subjecting to multi-scale climatic events such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO). Commercial fishery data from the Chinese squid-jigging fleets during 1995–2011 are used to evaluate the influences of climatic and oceanic environmental variations on the spatial distribution of O. bartramii. Significant interannual and seasonal variability are observed in the longitudinal and latitudinal gravity centers(LONG and LATG) of fishing ground of O. bartramii. The LATG mainly occurred in the waters with the suitable ranges of environmental variables estimated by the generalized additive model. The apparent north-south spatial shift in the annual LATG appeares to be associated with the PDO phenomenon and is closely related to the sea surface temperature(SST)and sea surface height(SSH) on the fishing ground, whereas the mixed layer depth(MLD) might contribute limited impacts to the distribution pattern of O. bartramii. The warm PDO regimes tend to yield cold SST and low SSH, resulting in a southward shift of LATG, while the cold PDO phases provid warm SST and elevated SSH,resulting in a northward shift of LATG. A regression model is developed to help understand and predict the fishing ground distributions of O. bartramii and improve the fishery management.     

鱼粪化石特征对晚三叠世湖泊生态系统的启示——以鄂尔多斯盆地南部长7段为例

粪化石是一类重要的遗迹化石,其内含物常保存被捕食生物的残余及一些微生物、软组织甚至古DNA信息,对解读地质历史时期的湖泊生态信息有重要意义。鄂尔多斯盆地南部铜川地区三叠系延长组长7段下部页岩的鱼粪石,其为略扁平的纺锤形化石,尖而薄,表面有明显的螺旋纹。观察粪化石的内含物情况,发现其主要由未完全消化的动植物残体组成,包括鱼鳞、骨骼碎片,以及以含磷白云岩为生长基的大量矿物聚集体。鱼粪化石形成于开放型淡水湖泊中的半深湖—深湖区,大部分保存完好,属于典型的原地埋葬。该鱼粪的生物源为一种大型的、鱼肠内具有较多螺旋瓣的肉食性鱼类。晚三叠世湖泊中出现了复杂的多层营养系统,主要由生产者、消费者构成,食物链较为复杂。该研究成果表明经历二叠纪末生物大灭绝的晚三叠世多层级营养湖泊生态系统已经基本恢复。另外,微生物的参与及泥质含量较高的厌氧环境使得粪化石保存完好,可为恢复和重建晚三叠世卡尼期湖泊生态系统提供重要依据。     

军曹鱼(Rachycentron canadum)幼鱼对环境低氧胁迫氧化应激与能量利用指标的响应

本文探究环境低氧对军曹鱼(Rachycentron canadum)氧化应激和能量利用指标的影响,为军曹鱼的健康养殖提供参考依据。通过设置低氧胁迫–恢复实验,将军曹鱼幼鱼(平均体质量(220.67±20.73)g)在低氧((2.64±0.25)mg/L)胁迫3 h及复氧((6.34±0.15)mg/L)8 h、24 h和48 h后,测定其肝脏和肌肉组织的氧化应激与能量利用指标。结果显示,低氧胁迫后,肝脏中丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(Glutathione Reductase,GR)活力均显著低于对照组(p<0.05),乳酸脱氢酶(Lactate Dehydrogenase,LDH)活性显著高于对照组(p <0.05);肌肉中MDA和脂质过氧化物(Lipid Peroxidase,LPO)活性均显著低于对照组(p<0.05),超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase,SOD)和LDH活性均显著高于对照组(p<0.05);肌糖原和肝糖原含量极显著低于对照组(p<0.0...     

雌核发育系红鲤8305的产生及其生物学特性

于1981年,以经过γ射线或紫外线处理的近类精子作为激活源,成功地诱发兴国红鲤(cyprinus carpio)卵子的雌核发育。经两代连续雌核发育的部分后代个体进行人工转性,使之成为“生理雄性”,并以“生理雄性”个体与其同胞姐妹交配所产后代为遗传特性纯一的个体——红鲤8305。检查了LDH,EST,MDH,SOD,IDH及运铁蛋白(transferrin)的座位,发现同一个系的不同个体之间等位基因没有差别,而且各座位的等位基因都是纯合的。血清学试验表明,控制红鲤8305雌核发育系的红细胞表面抗原的基因纯合度相当高,同系个体之间的鳞片移植成活率可达89％以上,说明控制MHC基因的纯合度很高。     

CHARACTERIZATION OF LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE ISOZYME PATTERN AND MORPHOLOGY OF THREE MARINE FISH CELL LINES

Three continuous marine fish cell lines of FG (i. e., Hounder Gill) from flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) gill, SPH (i. e. , Sea Perch Heart) from sea perch (Lateolabrax japonicus) heart and RSBF (i.e., Red Sea Bream Fin) from red sea bream (Pagrosomus major) fin, were characterized by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isozyme and morphological analysis. The LDH isozyme patterns of these three cell lines and their corresponding tissues of origin were investigated and compared. The results showed: (1) No difference was found in the LDH isozyme patterns of FG and flounder gill tissue. However, the LDH isozyme patterns of SPH and RSBF were significantly different from their corresponding tissues of origin; (2) LDH isozyme patterns of FG, SPH and RSBF were markedly different from each other and could serve as genetic markers for species identification and detection of cross contamination. Morphological change analysis of these three cell lines in comparison to their original tissues indicated that FG cells still appeared epithelioid without morphological transformation. However, morphological changes were found in SPH and RSBF compared to their original tissues. Therefore, the cellular morphology was still plastic in the relatively stable culture conditions, and it was possible that change of LDH patterns wasrelated to morphological changes of fish cells in vitro.