南极洲古老冰川研究的动向

研究冰川和冰川盖层的迫切性未引起任何人的怀疑。一层层堆积下来的冰成为区域性的或全球性的周围环境状态的特殊档案。     

黄河口及其毗邻海区底质中重金属的分布规律及季节性变化

Heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn, Fe, Cr, Ni) in the sediment from Huanghe River Estuary and the adjacent areas were analyzed using Model WFX-IA AAS. The eoneentrationsof these elements are: Cu 9-32ppm,Pb 24-44ppm,Zn 41-105ppm, Mn 500-700ppm, Fe 2.1-3.0%, Cr 50-71ppm, Ni 24-72ppm. There are relatively close correlations among the distribution of the heavy metals, suspended materials and salinity. The distribution of heavy metals in summer are similar to that in winter, except Pb. It is believed that the higher concentration results from the increasing of water discharge,silt content and the decreasing of particle size in the summer. Pb is easily absorbed and carried in the suspended materials,which, perhaps, is another reason that the concentration of Pb is higher in summer.     

海州湾淤泥质海滩剖面堆积过程的计算模式

分别于1986年12月和1985年3月1日—1987年3月1日在海州湾进行了波浪和含沙量观测，运用所获资料以及本区长期水文、地形资料，采用流体力学、沉积学和泥沙运动力学相结合的研究方法，建立了海州湾淤泥质海滩剖面堆积过程的二维计算模式。结果表明，在堆积型淤泥质海滩，由于浮泥的经常性存在，使波浪急剧衰减，其对岸滩的作用甚为微弱，潮流成为塑造淤泥质海滩的主要动力，岸滩在淤涨过程中，在平均高潮位厂沿和平均低潮位附近出现两个凸点，上一个凸点外推速率大于下一个凸点，潮下带变化缓慢。     

中印度洋海盆的火山灰层和浮石与锰结核的关系

中印度洋海盆生物硅质沉积区的锰结核有三种主要核心类型：(1)蚀变火山灰层碎块；(2)长英质浮石；(3)固结的残余沉积物(红粘土类型)．结核中的形态变化是由于核心的形成、堆积过程(成岩或水成成园堆积)和结壳厚度所造成的．     

Main Controlling Factors on Hydrocarbon Accumulation and Distribution in Marine Sedimentary Sequences in South China

Multiple source rock assemblages were deposited in the sedimentary provinces in South China in geologic history,and some of them were destructed by and some survived against multiple tectonic movements.Therefore,multiple sources,mixed sources,and uneven distribution of sources occurred in the marine sedimentary basins in South China during the late stage of hydrocarbon pooling.Epidiagenesis of the marine carbonate reservoirs and its modification to reservoir poroperm characteristics determined the formation and the scale of natural gas pools.The exploration practices show that the large to medium gas fields mainly occur in areas with high-quality reservoirs.Detailed study of the paleo-oil accumulations and typical oil and gas reservoirs reveals that the basins experienced multiphase superimposition and modification,leading to the distribution of the Paleozoic paleo-oil accumulations and bitumen in the peripheral areas.The phenomenon that oil and gas production concentrates in the Sichuan basin indicates that the overall sealing conditions of a basin determine the oil/gas potentials and the scale of oil and gas production.This is a critical factor controlling the accumulation and distribution of gas in the marine sequences in South China.The early oil and gas pools in the Yangtze platform left billions of bitumen in the peripheral areas due to the destruction of seals.Since the Himalayan,"late-generation and late-accumulation" gas pools represented by the gas pools in the Sichuan (四川) basin were formed in the marine sedimentary sequences in South China as a result of the change of the sealing conditions.Current gas discoveries appear to be "paleo-generation and paleo-accumulation" gas pools but actually are "late-generation and late-accumulation" gas pools.These patterns of hydrocarbon pooling clearly depict themselves in western Sichuan basin and Weiyuan (威远)gas field.It is revealed that the gas pools in the Sichuan basin were mainly formed as a result of hydrocarbon phase change (thermal cracking of oil to gas),miscible migration,and dynamic equilibration since the Himalayan.A large number of gas pools were formed in the Himalayan and the gas pools in the marine sequences are characterized by late pooling; this kind of gas fields/pools are controlled by:(1) effectiveness of modification and superimposition of the marine basins,(2) effectiveness of the source rocks,(3) effectiveness of the overall preservation conditions,and (4) effectiveness of plays.     

冻土器的快速修复及改进

冻土器观测是地面气象观测项目之一.虽经多年使用,但至今仍没有改进.各站在冬季的观测使用中,最普遍出现的故障是内管中的铁链中断,中断后的链子堆积在冰柱上端而无法确定冻土刻度.冰柱稍短时,由于铁链堆积重量大造成冰柱整体下滑,出现记录失真.因此,发现铁链中断时,要及时修复.下面介绍快速修复冻土器的方法及改进措施.     

西北低涡下的暴雨过程对比分析

从天气形势、冷空气路径、物理量场等方面对2001年7月下旬鹤壁市受西北低涡影响出现的两场暴雨以上量级降水过程进行对比分析，提出了该类型暴雨过程的预报着眼点。     

柴达木盆地沙尘暴气候特征及其预报

利用1961～2000年柴达木盆地11个气象站的沙尘暴观测资料，分析了柴达木盆地沙尘暴天气的时空分布特征。根据1980～2000年3月至5月的40次沙尘暴天气个例，从高空环流形势、地面冷空气路径、影响因子及其预报指标4个方面进行分析，总结出柴达木盆地春季沙尘暴天气的预报方法。     

利用数值产品与单站要素作南宁市冬春“暴冷”天气预报的研究

对1986—2002年17年冬春季节(1—3月)由于冷空气南下造成南宁市“暴冷”的几个个例进行了天气学、单站要素、欧洲数值产品特征三方面的研究，并试用欧洲数值预报产品与单站要素相结合，综合分析进行预报，发现效果较好。