黄海冬季大型底栖动物的群落结构特征

为深入了解黄海大型底栖动物的群落结构特征,本研究基于2016年1月对黄海海域22个站位的调查,使用PRIMER 6.0和SPSS 17.0等软件对数据资料进行分析发现：大型底栖动物共202种,其中多毛类104种、甲壳类48种、软体动物27种、棘皮动物8种、其他门类合计15种,多毛类、甲壳类和软体动物是该海域冬季大型底栖动物的主要类群;大型底栖动物的总平均丰度和总平均生物量分别为1 313 ind/m²和25.53 g/m²;优势种为中蚓虫(Mediomastuscaliforniensis)、薄壳索足蛤(Thyasiratokunagai)和浅水萨氏真蛇尾(Ophiurasarsiivadicola);在22%相似度水平上,可将调查海域的大型底栖动物划分为4个群落。对比历史资料,发现近60年以来：远岸群落的优势种仍为冷水性种且组成基本不变;近岸群落的结构发生变化,优势种组成上多毛类增多,且多为小型个体种。本研究中,与大型底栖动物丰度显著相关的环境因子为Chl a含量和底温,与群落结构关系最为密切的环境因子组合为水深+底温。     

关岭海生爬行动物群研究评述

贵州省关岭县上三叠统海生爬行动物化石自1999年被发现以来,先后有12属17种被报道,其中包括我国首次发现的檑齿龙类和海龙类。由于化石的保存状况以及标本的修理难度等多种原因,已经发表的材料中包括了大量的同物异名现象以及无效的属种。通过对已发表文献的全面回顾和总结,确认了该动物群中命名有效的5属6种——即周氏黔鱼龙、黄果树安顺龙、新铺中国豆齿龙、多板砾甲龟龙、孙氏新铺龙和巴毛林新铺龙,指出两种尚未命名的大型海龙类和鱼龙类的存在,这一组合基本反映了关岭三叠纪海生爬行动物群的真实面貌。同时提出了关岭海生爬行动物化石研究过程中,标本的真实性、化石修理及学术沟通等方面存在的问题。     

小洋山邻近海域主要游泳动物生态位及种间联结性

根据2014年秋季和2015年秋季在小洋山邻近海域调查获得的渔业资源资料,运用生态位测定、聚类分析、W检验、基于2×2列联表的χ2检验、联结系数（AC）和共同出现百分率（PC）等方法分析主要游泳动物间的生态关系。结果表明,该海域主要游泳动物共24种,其中优势种为龙头鱼（Harpodon nehereus）、三疣梭子蟹（Portunus trituberculatus）和安氏白虾（Exopalaemon annandalei）,这3个种类的生态位宽度较宽;通过生态位宽度聚类分析,可将主要游泳动物分为3组,分别为广生态位种、中生态位种和狭生态位种;种对间生态位重叠值介于0~0.96之间,表明物种利用资源的能力具有相似性,种对间存在一定竞争性;W检验分析得出主要游泳动物总体呈显著正关联;χ2检验显示有150个种对的联结性显著（χ2 ≥ 3.841）;联结系数（AC）和共同出现百分率（PC）表明种间联结性较强,总体趋于正相关。     

中国东海和南海4个真虾(甲壳动物亚门:十足目:真虾下目)新记录种

采集自中国东海和南海的4个真虾物种,经研究发现为中国海域的新记录物种,即凯氏鞭腕虾（Lysmata kempi Chace,1997）,利普克鞭腕虾（Lysmata lipkei Okuno&Fiedler,2010）;透明近绿虾（Chlorocurtis jactans（Nobili,1904））和黑斑活额虾（Rhynchocinetes conspiciocellus Okuno&Takeda,1992）。本文描述了这四个物种的形态特征,编制了检索表,并对其分类地位进行了讨论。     

中国厦门湾红树林湿地自由生活海洋线虫两个似三核线虫属(线虫动物门:嘴刺目:似三孔线虫科)新种

似三核线虫属的两个新种似三核线虫红树林种（Tripyloides mangrovensis n.sp.）和似三核线虫厦门种（Tripyloides amoyanus n.sp.）在本文中分别被描述,标本分别采自中国厦门同安湾红树林和海门岛红树林。两个新种都具有6根较粗的外唇刚毛,雄性标本不具有肛前附器,尾部圆锥圆柱形且不具有末端突起。似三核线虫红树林种（Tripyloides mangrovensis n.sp.）口器分成两部分,化感器圆形,尾部具有显著的近端圆锥形和远端纤细的圆柱形,圆柱形部分占尾部的2/3。似三核线虫厦门种（Tripyloides amoyanus n.sp.）口器分成3部分,具有小齿,化感器小,双环状,尾部1/3部分为圆柱形,引带有4个小齿。     

沾化县下河乡盘活200亩废水塘种藕

沾化县下河乡利用废水塘发展莲藕约13．34hm^2（200亩）,直接经济效益40多万元,昔日无人问津的废水塘成了群众增收的聚宝盆。以前,农村为雨季集水和防洪在村内开挖了不少大大小小的池塘,如今,各村都修建引排水设施,原先的池塘慢慢地被废弃,既浪费土地资源,又影响村容村貌。沾化县国土资源局下河乡国土资源所积极引导村民利用路边水坑、村内池塘等闲置水面发展莲藕种植,盘活这些废弃地,提高土地利用效益。     

On four closely related hypotrichous ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora, Spirotrichea): molecular characters, interspecific relationships and phylogeny defined with multigene sequence information

In order to clarify the phylogeny and relationships of the most confused hypotrichous ciliates, Holosticha-complex, four closely related holostichids (five populations), Holosticha bradburyae, H. diademata, Anteholosticha sp., and A. manca, were compared and analyzed using ITS2 secondary structures, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region and SSrRNA gene sequences. The ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region sequences of these four species were first sequenced, and they shared sequence identities ranging from 68.0% to 90.1%, while two populations of Anteholosticha sp. differed in three nucleotides (sequence identity 99.8%). There were several minor differences among ITS2 secondary structures of these species, while two populations of Anteholosticha sp. had the identical secondary structure. Phylogenetic trees inferred from the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region sequences of stichotrichs using multiple algorithms (Neighbor-Joining, Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian) revealed similar topologies. The results show that:(1) Holosticha bradburyae and H. diademata firmly clustered together with strong bootstrap supports, forming a sister clade with Anteholosticha sp., (2) Anteholosticha appeared to be a paraphyletic assemblage, in which the morphotype A. manca was more closely related to Diaxonella trimarginata than to its congener Anteholosticha sp. Phylogenetic analyses based on the SSrRNA gene and the combined sequences of SSrRNA gene and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region revealed the similar relationships between Holosticha and Anteholosticha, nevertheless their positions within the subclass Stichotrichia differed from each other inferred from different genes.     

Identifying Indicator Species in Habitats Created by Coastal Structures

In this paper,three approachs were developed to find indicator species from the habitat created by coastal structures.These approachs consist of a model of species co-occurrence probability,a model of k-environmental factor probability and a composite model.Simultaneously,a case study was conducted in Hsinchu Fishing Port of north-western Taiwan.Based on the aforementioned models,three primary producer species,Ahnfeltiopsis flabelliformis,Chondrus ocellatus and Sarcodia montagneana,were chosen as the indicator species which had the highest co-occurrence probabilities and showed greater tolerance to more critical environment.It is imperative to understand how the three species under particular co-occurring conditions and environmental factors influence the composition of sessile assemblages in coastal water.The results indicate that for the purpose of increasing biodiversity,these models are feasible to find indicator species of artificial structures,and to help make it possible to design coastal structures based on biological considerations.This study provides an innovative approach for further advanced application in the artificial habitat of coast management.     

基于微波散射实验的油种识别研究

海上溢油来源复杂,溢油种类多样,正确识别溢油类型对于溢油应急的快速反应具有重要意义。合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar,SAR)具有全天时全天候的监测优势,在海面溢油监测中发挥着主力军作用,但在油种识别方面存在不足。利用C波段全极化散射计对柴油、原油、油水混合物和棕榈油进行外场实验观测,探究微波识别油膜的敏感特征参数,并将敏感特征参数应用于海上油膜实验获取的SAR图像进行油种识别。结果表明,在垂直(vertical transmission vertical reception,VV)极化方式下的油水差(?σ⁰)可以有效识别植物油和矿物油;基于d B和linear units表达的后向散射系数(NRCS)计算的抑制比(DR)在垂直(VV)和水平(horizontal transmission horizontal reception,HH)极化方式下可以有效识别植物油和矿物油,并且在交叉(vertical transmission horizontal reception/horizontal transmission vertical...     

NFMG法培养发菜的研究

采用NFMG法获得发菜藻种,经人工控制条件下的培养,成功地培养出肉眼可见的发菜藻体,表明人工培养发菜初获成功。