Amodified discrete element model for sea ice dynamics

Considering the discontinuous characteristics of sea ice on various scales,a modified discrete element model（DEM） for sea ice dynamics is developed based on the granular material rheology.In this modified DEM,a soft sea ice particle element is introduced as a self-adjustive particle size function.Each ice particle can be treated as an assembly of ice floes,with its concentration and thickness changing to variable sizes under the conservation of mass.In this model,the contact forces among ice particles are calculated using a viscous-elastic-plastic model,while the maximum shear forces are described with the Mohr-Coulomb friction law.With this modified DEM,the ice flow dynamics is simulated under the drags of wind and current in a channel of various widths.The thicknesses,concentrations and velocities of ice particles are obtained,and then reasonable dynamic process is analyzed.The sea ice dynamic process is also simulated in a vortex wind field.Taking the influence of thermodynamics into account,this modified DEM will be improved in the future work.     

Nonlinear optimization method of ship floating condition calculation in wave based on vector

Ship floating condition in regular waves is calculated. New equations controlling any ship＇s floating condition are proposed by use of the vector operation. This form is a nonlinear optimization problem which can be solved using the penalty function method with constant coefficients. And the solving process is accelerated by dichotomy. During the solving process, the ship＇s displacement and buoyant centre have been calculated by the integration of the ship surface according to the waterline. The ship surface is described using an accumulative chord length theory in order to determine the displacement, the buoyancy center and the waterline. The draught forming the waterline at each station can be found out by calculating the intersection of the ship surface and the wave surface. The results of an example indicate that this method is exact and efficient. It can calculate the ship floating condition in regular waves as well as simplify the calculation and improve the computational efficiency and the precision of results.     

闪电到底有多快

闪电是大气中十分壮观炫丽的现象之一,通常伴随着震耳欲聋的雷鸣发生在强对流天气过程中。在很长的时间里,人们对闪电的看法仅限于赞叹和畏惧,有人形象地称之为“天笑”,还有人则认为是“上帝之火”。早在1749年,富兰克林就用风筝实验证实了闪电其实是大气中发生的火花放电现象。当发生闪电时,会放出大量的光和热,     

背景场和物理过程对WRF模式在新疆区域预报性能的影响

为了优选考虑新疆气候和地形特征的背景场和物理过程,设计WRF模式的Lin、WSM6、Thompson微物理过程和KF、Grell 3D积云参数化敏感性试验方案,使用T639和GFS两种背景场,进行了回算和对比检验,确定了在新疆预报能力最优的物理过程和背景场方案,并对WRF模式在新疆的预报能力和不足之处有了较为清晰的认识。     

The Observed and Simulated Major Summer Climate Features in Northwest China and Their Sensitivity to Land Surface Processes

Northwest China （NWC） is a typical arid and semi-arid region. In this study, the main summer climate features over NWC are presented and the performance of an atmospheric general circulation model （NCEP GCM/SSiB） over this region is evaluated. Satellite-derived vegetation products are applied in the model. Based on comparison with observational data and Reanalysis II data, the model generally captures major features of the NWC summer energy balance and circulation. These features include： a high surface tem- perature center dominating the planetary boundary layer; widespread descending motion; an anticyclone （cyclone） located in the lower and middle （upper） troposphere, covering most parts of central NWC; and the precipitation located mainly in the high elevation areas surrounding NWC.
The sensitivity of the summer energy balance and circulation over NWC and surrounding regions to land surface processes is assessed with specified land cover change. In the sensitivity experiment, the degradation over most parts of NWC, except the Taklimakan desert, decreases the surface-absorbed radiation and leads to weaker surface thermal effects. In northern Xinjiang and surrounding regions, less latent heating causes stronger anomalous lower-level anticyclonic circulation and upper-level cyclonic circulation, leading to less summer precipitation and higher surface temperature. Meanwhile, the dry conditions in the Hexi Corridor produce less change in the latent heat flux. The circulation change to the north of this area plays a domi- nant role in indirectly changing lower-level cyclonic conditions, producing more convergence, weaker vertical descending motion, and thus an increase in the precipitation over this region.     

2013年夏季主雨带为啥眷恋北方

2013年夏天,我国暴雨有点怪：南下四川贫地,北上三江平原,就连革命圣地延安也得到格外的“青睐”与“昭恋”。这一连串的暴雨过程使新闻界也变得很不平静,整个夏季,“暴雨”“洪涝”“救火”充斥在各大媒体的头版头条     

多尺度空间同位模式挖掘的点过程分解方法

空间同位模式挖掘旨在发现多类地理要素或事件频繁互邻近形成的关联规则,对于理解复杂地理现象内在发生机理具有重要价值。针对现有基于关联规则的空间同位模式挖掘方法难以对地理数据特性(如多尺度性)进行有效建模的缺陷,本文提出了一种基于点过程建模与分解的多尺度空间同位模式挖掘方法。首先通过构建一个随机变量将多类要素实例分布数据表达为混合空间点过程,并引入一个非参统计指标对同位模式进行特征尺度判别;基于此,定义一种条件概率密度分布函数,利用点过程分解思想挖掘多尺度空间同位模式及其实例分布。试验分析结果表明本文方法可以准确挖掘空间同位模式在不同尺度的空间分布形态,并且有效降低了人为设定参数的主观性。     

中国大陆强震孕育过程关联的地壳形变及孕震晚期逼近发震过程识别问题

基于地壳形变观测研究,概略回顾了中国大陆地壳形变时空动态特征及其与强震活动的关系、与强震孕育过程关联的多尺度地壳形变动态特征,以及震前各类形变异常信息提取方面的进展和认识。目前能给出明确时间尺度（10年和更短）强震预测的地壳形变有效依据仍不足,需有效识别孕震晚期强震源逼近发震的过程,推进中国大陆强震预测在较短时间尺度的进展。结合几次强震前全球导航卫星系统(global navigation satellite system,GNSS)观测到的较显著的地壳形变转入非弹性变形状态的分析,讨论了在观测技术已取得显著进步条件下,逐步实现对孕震晚期强震源逼近发震过程有效识别的可能性及相关问题。     

中亚沉积盆地常规油气资源评价

在对中亚区域地质及含油气盆地基本石油地质条件分析基础上,选取滨里海、北乌斯丘尔特、北高加索、曼格什拉克、南里海、阿姆河、阿富汗—塔吉克、费尔干纳、南图尔盖、楚河—萨雷苏和斋桑11个已有油气发现的盆地为资源评价对象。根据各盆地纵向上储盖组合结合平面上构造单元划分及储盖分布情况,将11个含油气盆地共划分为33个成藏组合。基于各盆地勘探程度、资料掌握程度及评价方法适用条件,优选出适合各成藏组合评价方法。运用发现过程法或类比法对各成藏组合待发现可采资源量进行了系统评价,并和USGS(2000)评价结果进行对比和分析。结果表明,中亚大区待发现油气资源量大,但分布极不均衡,主要分布于阿姆河、滨里海和南里海三盆地。     

北山造山带南带构造-岩浆活动与金多金属成矿

<正>中亚造山成矿域是全球最显著的显生宙大陆增生区,该区域大陆增生改造过程中的壳幔相互作用和大规模成矿机理是国内外研究的重要课题。北山造山带地处中亚造山成矿域南缘,是我国西部重要的金、铜、镍、铅锌成矿带。1花岗岩年代学、地球化学特征与动力学背景选取相关中酸性侵入岩体展开系统的锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素分析,