An exploratory analysis of benthic macroinvertebrates as indicators of the ecological status of the Upper Yellow and Yangtze Rivers

This study presents findings of the first systematic analysis of aquatic biotic assemblages in the source region of the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers. It provides an initial basis with which to select representative organisms as indicators to assess the aquatic ecological status of rivers in this region. Macroinvertebrates are considered to be good indicators of long-term environmental changes due to their restricted range and persistence over time. Field investigations of macroinvertebrates were conducted in August 2009 in the source region of the Yellow River, and in July 2010 in the source region of the Yangtze River. Altogether 68 taxa of macroinvertebrates belonging to 29 families and 59 genera were identified. Among them were 8 annelids, 5 mollusks, 54 arthropods and 1 other animal. In the source region of the Yellow River, taxa number, density and biomass of macroinvertebrates were 50, 329 individuals m2 and 0.3966 g dry weight m2, respectively. Equivalent figures for the source region of the Yangtze River were 29, 59 individuals m2 and 0.0307 g dry weight m-2. The lower benthic animal resources in the source region of the Yangtze River are ascribed to higher altitude, higher sediment concentration and wetland degradation. Preliminary findings of this exploratory study indicate that hydroelectric power stations had a weak impact on benthic dwellers but wetland degradation caused by a series of human activities had a catastrophic impact on survival of macroinvertebrates. Ecological protection measures such as conservative grazing and vegetation management are required to minimize grassland degradation and desertification, and reduce soil erosion rate and river sediment discharge.     

乌拉泊水库五道沟水源地状况变化及其对策

乌拉泊水库五道沟水源地是乌拉泊水库的主要水源地,但随着社会经济的发展,水源地的环境状况、污染状况和来水状况都或多或少地发生了变化,针对其状况,进行调查、分析,探讨了该水源地的规划和对策。     

内外动力地质作用与斜坡稳定性——以虎跳峡地区为例

内容概要全书共八章四十一节,全面介绍了内外动力作用对于斜坡灾害防治的意义及其国内外研究现状,系统阐述了虎跳峡地区的基本地质条件及其斜坡灾害发育状况,并初步揭示了河谷深厚覆盖层的成因及其与内外动力作用关系,系统分析了斜坡变形破坏规律及其相关动力因子;在典型斜坡稳定性剖析基础上,提出了斜坡演变的内外动力作用机制与耦合模式;进而应用强度折减法和3D数值分析等技术,深入探讨了反倾岩体斜坡和大型堆积体的稳定问题,提出了岩质边坡最危险滑裂面的GA-Sarma算法和大型     

青藏高原春季土壤湿度异常与我国夏季降水的联系

利用 197-2014年 GLDAS-CLM(Global Land Data Assimilation System-the Community Land Mod-el)地表参量数据集、中国区域逐日观测资料格点化数据集(CN05.1)和ERA-nterim大气环流再分析数据,研究青藏高原5月(春季)土壤湿度的异常变化...     

南极冰架年均消融超60亿吨

科学家发现．南极冰架正以每年60亿吨至100亿吨的速度消融。据介绍,南极西南部一块数十万平方公里的冰架．冰雪消融速度较快．年均下降10厘米至20厘米,如果这一冰架全部融化．海平面将上升6米。     

山东：探查资源 持续发展

2007年,山东省第二次土地调查全面掌握和科学量化了耕地的质量状况,为全省耕地实现数量和质量并重的统一和科学管理提供了详实的基础资料。深部找矿获得多项重大突破,水文、工程、环境地质调查卓有成效,保障了国民经济又好又快发展。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987111000752

A series of environmentalegeological problems have been caused by over-exploitation of deep groundwater (i.e., confined aquifer water) in the North China Plain. In order to better understand the status of deep groundwater over-exploitation and the resultant environmentalegeological problems on a regional scale, the over-exploitation of groundwater has been assessed by way of the groundwater exploitation potential coefficient (i.e., the ratio of exploitable amount of deep groundwater to current exploitation), cumulative land subsidence, and long-term average lowering rate of the groundwater table. There is a good correlation among the results calculated by the different methods. On a regional scale, deep groundwater has been over-exploited and there is no further exploitation potential under the current conditions. The groundwater exploitation degree index takes the exploitation in 2003 as the reference for the calculations, so the results mainly reflect the degree of current groundwater exploitation. The results of over-exploitation of deep groundwater obtained by land subsidence data and long-term average rate of depression of the water table mainly reflect environmentalegeological problems caused by exploitation of deep groundwater.     

主编手记

如果选取几个词语来形容极地世界,相信大部分人的答案都会是寒冷、冰雪等,这对于从未踏足于极地的人来说,应该是十分恰当的描述。寒冷和冰雪当然是极地环境的主题,但绝不是极地生活的唯一处境,前往极地的旅行,以及在极地的生活,同样是充满了各种色彩和乐趣。     

图析山地的垂直地域分异规律

一、山地的垂直地域分异产生原因 高山地区,随着海拔的变化,从山麓到山顶的水热状况差异很大,随着水热状况的变化形成了相应的自然景观,自然带出现垂直分布的规律。     

浙江土壤重金属污染防治的对策建议

土壤重金属污染的防治及污染土壤的修复,是实施浙江“清洁土壤工程”的重要内容,也是一项紧迫而长期的工作。2012年10月31日。温家宝总理主持召开国务院常务会议,研究部署土壤环境保护和综合治理。会议提出,要保护土壤环境,防治和减少土壤污染、保障农产品质量安全,建设良好人居环境作为当前和今后一个时期的主要目标,进一步弄清土壤环境质量状况,建立土壤质量环境调查、监测制度,构造土壤环境监测网,完善相关政策、法规和标准,实施“土壤环境保护工程”,加快形成国家土壤环境保护体系,逐步完善环境质量。会议确定了五个方面的任务：