西南冬季气温的年际变化及影响因子分析

利用1979—2014年台站观测资料和再分析资料对西南地区冬季气温的年际变率及其主要影响因子进行分析.西南冬季气温年际变化主要存在两种模态:全区一致型和东西反向型.西南冬季一致偏冷时,东部降温幅度明显大于西部,东部强降温与低层异常东北风和偏东风引起的冷平流有关;而西部高原地区较小的气温降幅主要与异常上升运动引起的云量增...     

台湾西部海域冬春季的水螅水母类和管水母类

本文首次报道了台湾西部海域冬,春季水螅水母类和管水母类的种类组成,其中水熄水母类16种,管水母类26种,对我国首次记录的两种水螅水母的形态特征作了记述,并比较和讨论了整个台湾周围海域这两类水母组成的特点。     

1989～1990年冬季渤海和黄海北部结冰特征分析

本文分析了1989～1990年冬季渤海和黄海北部结冰特征,认为大气环流、气温和水温的异常是引起本冬海冰特征的重要因素。另外,对海冰的增长和融化速率、海冰的运动也做了分析和探讨。     

冬季黄海暖流区的空间变化和年际变化特征

利用了多年连续的冬季水文调查数据,以黄海暖水舌作为黄海暖流的示性指标,采用经验函数正交分解及相关分析的方法,探讨了黄海暖流的年际变化特征,结果表明:1)黄海暖流的强弱存在4～7 a的年际变化周期,并与冬季局地季风的经向分量具有较好的相关关系;2)黄海暖流的流轴存在一个3～6 a的变化周期,而且其流轴的摆动明显受冬季季风纬向分量的影响;3)季风增强,黄海暖流增强且流轴西移.     

北大西洋秋季“三极子”海温结构对冬季大气环流场的影响

利用NCEP再分析资料、Hadley中心的海表面温度(SST)资料等,从北大西洋秋季海表面温度异常(SSTA)变化入手,对其影响后期冬季大气环流场的机制进行了分析。研究结果如下:(1)北大西洋SST异常与大气环流异常之间存在着相互作用;(2)秋季北大西洋SSTA具有较好的持续性,"正负正"海温异常空间分布导致12月巴伦支海上空500hPa位势高度异常偏高;(3)异常环流形势对应的海表面风异常场(SSWA)通过阶段性风-蒸发-SST异常反馈机制(WES机制)利于海温异常分布的持续及对上空异常大气环流的反馈;(4)三极子海温结构中负异常海温自10月份开始有自西向东的移动,风作用下蒸发加大,伴随上升运动自欧洲西部爱尔兰群岛出现自西向东移动的降水正异常区,潜热释放有利于冬季巴伦支海上空的异常高压脊发展。研究表明,北大西洋秋季SSTA通过阶段性海气相互作用机制影响海洋温度分布和大气环流异常,对后期冬季中国东北部的气候变化产生影响。     

2008年中国沿岸冬季寒潮激发陆架波的小波分析

This study applies the wavelet analysis to the tidal gauge records, alongshore winds, atmospheric temperature and pressure along the China coast in winter 2008. The analysis results show three events of sea level oscillations(SLOs) on the shelf induced by winter storms. The first event occurred from January 9 to 21. The SLO periods were double-peaked at 1.6–5.3 and 7.0–16.0 d with the power densities of 0.04–0.05 and 0.10–0.15 m2·d, respectively.The second event occurred from February 5 to 18. The SLO period was single-peaked at 2.3–3.5 d with power density of 0.03–0.04 m2·d. The third event occurred from February 20 to March 8. The SLO periods were doublepeaked at 1.5–4.3 and 6.1–8.2 d with the power densities of 0.08–0.11 and 0.02–0.08 m2·d, respectively. The SLOs propagated along the coast from Zhejiang in north to Guangdong in south. The phase speeds ranged about 9–29m/s from Kanmen to Pingtan, 5–11 m/s from Xiamen to Huizhou and 11–22 m/s from Huizhou to Shuidong. The dispersion relation of the SLOs shows their nature of coastal-trapped wave.     

变暖背景下北极海冰减少在冬季北半球高纬大陆降雪增加中的作用

过去的几个冬季中,北美、欧洲、西伯利亚和东亚大部分地区经历了冷冬和强降雪,而这与北极海冰的快速减少有关。尽管北极海冰减少在冷冬和强降雪中的作用仍存在争议,但这种新兴的气候反馈在未来变暖背景下是否会持续仍值得关注。中等排放情境下的气候模式模拟结果揭示,欧洲东北部、亚洲中部北部、北美北部的冬季降雪增加会成为贯穿21世纪的一个稳健的特征。21世纪这些区域冬季降雪增加的主要原因是北极秋季海冰的减少（很大的外部强迫）,而冬季北极涛动的变化（北半球主要的自然变化形态）对降雪增加的作用很小。这一结果不仅体现在多模式平均上,而且每个单独模式的结果依然如此。我们认为海冰-降雪之间的强反馈作用可能已经出现,并且在接下来的几十年中这种强反馈作用可能会增强,北半球高纬地区的强降雪事件也会增加。     

南海冬季之西边界流：1998年2月的水文结构与体积输运

The unique survey in December 1998 mapped the entire western boundary area of the South China Sea(SCS),which reveals the three-dimensional structure and huge volume transport of the swift and narrow winter western boundary current of the SCS(SCSwwbc) in full scale. The current is found to flow all the way from the shelf edge off Hong Kong to the Sunda Shelf with a width around 100 km and a vertical scale of about 400 m. It appears to be the strongest off the Indo-China Peninsula, where its volume transport reached over 20×10~6 m~3/s. The current is weaker upstream in the northern SCS to the west of Hong Kong. A Kuroshio loop or detached eddy intruded through the Luzon Strait is observed farther east where the SCSwwbc no more exists. The results suggest that during the survey the SCSwwbc was fed primarily by the interior recirculation of the SCS rather than by the"branching" of the Kuroshio from the Luzon Strait as indicated by surface drifters, which is likely a near-surface phenomenon and only contributes a minor part to the total transport of the SCSwwbc. Several topics related to the SCSwwbc are also discussed.     

中国冬季大范围持续性低温事件低频特征及其与大气低频振荡的联系

利用1980-2017年国家气象信息中心提供的2481站逐日气温和NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料,对比研究了大气低频振荡对中国冬季三类（即：全国类、东北类和东部类）大范围持续性低温事件（以下简称事件）的影响差异。结果表明：20世纪80-90年代初和21世纪00年代后期以来事件偏多,冬季温度均具10～30天显著周期。通过对对流层大气环流场分析发现,在低层三类事件主要受低频西伯利亚高压（Siberian high,SH）影响,SH在全国类最强,东北类最弱;SH范围在全国类最大,南边界可达长江以南,在东北类和东部类中偏东。此外偏西的低频阿留申低压也是影响东北类事件的主要低频系统之一。在中层,全国类和东部类事件均有低频横槽转竖并和东亚大槽合并的过程,横槽在全国类中纬向尺度更大,东北类主要受东北冷涡度的影响。在高层,在全国类事件中温带急流整体持续偏弱,副热带急流整体持续偏强;东北类温带急流西强东弱,副热带急流西弱东强;东部类中温带急流整体持续偏弱,且偏弱程度大于全国类,副热带急流西强东弱。要分别关注低频500 hPa高度场上-12天（全国类）、-9天（东北类）和-10天（东部类）的西部预测信号...     

Influence of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation on the winter climate of East China

The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation （AMO）, the multidecadal variation of North Atlantic sea surface temperature （SST）, exhibits an oscillation with a period of 65-80 years and an amplitude of 0.4℃. Observational composite analyses reveal that the warm phase AMO is linked to warmer winters in East China, with enhanced precipitation in the north of this region and reduced precipitation in the south, on multidecadal time scales. The pattern is reversed during the cold phase AMO. Whether the AMO acts as a forcing of the multidecadal winter climate of East China is explored by investigating the atmospheric response to warm AMO SST anomalies in a large ensemble of atmospheric general circulation model （AGCM） experiments. The results from three AGCMs are consistent and suggest that the AMO warmth favors warmer winters in East China. This influence is realized through inducing negative surface air pressure anomalies in the hemispheric-wide domain extending from the midlatitude North Atlantic to midlatitude Eurasia. These negative surface anomalies favor the weakening of the Mongolian Cold High, and thus induce a weaker East Asian Winter Monsoon.