A study of internal solitary waves observed on the continental shelf in the northwestern South China Sea

Based on in-situ time series data from the acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) and thermistor chain in Wenchang area, a sequence of internal solitary wave (ISW) packets was observed in September 2005, propagating northwest on the continental shelf of the northwestern South China Sea (SCS). Corresponding to different stratification of the water column and tidal condition, both elevation and depression ISWs were observed at the same mooring location with amplitude of 35 m and 25 m respectively in different days. Regular arrival of the remarkable ISW packets at approximately the diurnal tidal period and the dominance of diurnal internal waves in the study area, strongly suggest that the main energy source of the waves is the diurnal tide. Notice that the wave packets were all riding on the troughs and shoulders of the internal tides, they were probably generated locally from the shelf break by the evolution of the internal tides due to nonlinear and dispersive effects.     

内湾沉积物生物硅化学测定法的实验条件探讨

对国内外已经建立的几种生物硅的测定方法进行简要的评述,并详细地对内湾沉积物中生物硅化学提取法的条件选取进行实验探讨,对低生物硅含量的内湾沉积物测定提出了较优的条件。     

Analyses of the long-term salinity variability in the Bohai Sea and the northern Huanghai(Yellow) Sea

Based on the comprehensive collection of the field observed salinity of the Bohai Sea (BHS) and the northern Huanghai Sea (NHS) from the 1950s to the present,the patterns of 10-years-averaged salinity at the different layers in the recent five decades (the 1950s,the 1960s,the 1970s,the 1980s and the 1990s) are obtained by the spatial-temporal interpolation technique with the scrupulous data quality control in this study.Then,by combining the spatial-temporal interpolation technique with successive correction method,the annual distributions of salinity both in the BHS and in the NHS are obtained as well.The data analyses indicate that the overall salinity in the BHS and the NHS increases from the 1960s till the present,with the increase of annual mean salinity of 0.04 psu from the 1950s,and the maximum increase rate of salinity is about 0.14 psu/a in the Bohai Bay.The high salinity tongue extended significantly from the NHS into the BHS.The intensified eastern wind field is related to the western intrusion of the NHS warm current,which probably leads to the moving forward of the high salinity water mass into the BHS.However,it is rather different from the salinity distribution characteristics between the 1950s and the 1960s.The extensive precipitation in the 1960s could lead to an increase in the discharge of the Huanghe River,which might result in the decrease of salinity in the BHS.But the salinity isoline of 32 in the NHS still extended significantly into the BHS in the 1960s.Since the 1980s,the patterns of salinity distribution have changed thoroughly.The salinity in the central area of the BHS was low,while the salinity in the Bohai Bay and the Liaodong Bay was higher than the other regions with its horizontal salinity gradient decreasing in the 1980s.The Empirical Orthogonal Function Analysis (EOF) is also conducted to study the interannual salinity variability of the BHS and the NHS.The correlation coefficient between the time coefficient series of the main mode and the Huanghe River discharge can reach -64.57%.It can be concluded that salinity variation of the BHS and the NHS has strong negative correlation with the Huanghe River discharge.     

东海内陆架表层沉积物粒度及其净输运模式

根据对东海内陆架海底沉积物的粒度测试,运用Gao-Collins"粒度趋势分析"方法,探讨了东海内陆架海底表层沉积物的粒度分布特征和净输运趋势。结果表明,研究区表层沉积物可以分为两类:细颗粒(>5Φ)和粗颗粒(<5Φ);细颗粒分布于研究区的大部分区域,而粗颗粒主要分布在闽江、瓯江等入海河流口门以及马祖等海岛附近;表层沉积物的平均粒径、分选系数、偏态等粒度参数对应性较好,总体特征为粒径越粗,分选越差,偏态更正偏,而粒径越细,分选越好,偏态也较低;粒径趋势分析显示东海陆架表层沉积物的运移模式总体为NE—WS方向运移,而研究区边缘在运移过程中发生向左右两侧的偏移,南部闽江河口区沉积物由近岸向海方向辐射运移,研究区表层沉积物的净输运模式主要受控于流系和地形等多种因素。     

新村湾海黾草（Thalassia hemprichii）的生长策略研究

海草的种内差异是它在特定环境中形成生长策略的关键因素。本研究通过将现场实测数据和文献记录进行类比以探讨新村湾海黾草（Thalassia hemprichii）的生长策略。研究结果表明海黾草地下茎伸长速率的差异可以解释该海草生物量和生长的大部分种内差异;新村湾海黾草垂直地下茎和水平地下茎的伸长速率在夏季分别为2．38cm／yr和24．4cm／yr,在冬季分别为1．87cm／yr和29．2cm／yr。海黾草茎枝密度的变化范围是822shootsm^-2至941shoots m^-2,最大值出现在夏季而最小值出现在冬季,生物量的季节变化与此类似。新村湾海黾草通过交替调节垂直地下茎和水平地下茎的伸长速率以适应光照强度和温度的季节变化,从而导致茎枝密度和地上生物量的相应变化。通过这样的生长策略,海黾草可以把夏季干旱和冬季光照强度下降对其生长造成的消极影响降低到最小程度。     

基底继承性断层在地中海西部阿尔沃兰岛周围内陆架现代断裂体系中的作用

古断层的再复活是脆性地壳的一个常见的变形机制,主要取决于新的不同应力场的活动和断层的方向、倾角和强度。在强烈变形的地区,断层再复活可能会导致盆地倒转或拉裂盆地（或拉张盆地）的发育（De Graciansky等,1989;Williams等,1989）;在弱变形的克拉通内部地区,断层再复活能够导致基底的上覆盖岩单元破碎。由基底深层断层再复活导致的表层断裂模式取决于断层的运动学性质（即走滑、正或逆断层）：在走滑断层R的情况下,R’和T断裂形成于表层盖层之中（Riedel,1929;Tchalenko,1970）,     

Estimates of global M_2 internal tide energy fluxes using TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data

TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data from October 1992 to June 2002 are used to calculate the global barotropic M2 tidal currents using long-term tidal harmonic analysis. The tides calculated agree well with ADCP data obtained from the South China Sea (SCS). The maximum tide velocities along the semi-major axis and semi-minor axis can be computed from the tidal ellipse. The global distribution of M2 internal tide vertical energy flux from the sea bottom is calculated based on a linear internal wave generation model. The global vertical energy flux of M2 internal tide is 0.96 TW, with 0.36 TW in the Pacific, 0.31 TW in the Atlantic and 0.29 TW in the Indian Ocean, obtained in this study. The total horizontal energy flux of M2 internal tide radiating into the open ocean from the lateral boundaries is 0.13 TW, with 0.06 TW in the Pacific, 0.04TW in the Atlantic, and 0.03 TW in the Indian Ocean. The result shows that the principal lunar semi-diurnal tide M2 provides enough energy to maintain the large-scale thermohaline circulation of the ocean.     

三角帆蚌鳃的组织学研究

对非繁殖期与繁殖前期的雌性三角帆蚌鳃瓣作组织切片,观察其组织形态结构。结果表明,三角帆蚌内、外鳃的鳃丝在组成上是相同的,从外到内,其结构可以分为:上皮、基膜、结缔组织,鳃丝上密布纤毛,鳃丝结缔组织中含吞噬细胞、透明细胞等。外鳃具特有结构——瓣间隔和育儿囊,且在瓣间隔两侧,有发达的小水管系统。由于这种结构的存在,使得内外鳃瓣在鳃瓣厚度、鳃小瓣厚度、鳃丝宽度上存在显著性差异。繁殖前期,内鳃基本无变化,而外鳃发生明显的变化,鳃瓣增厚,鳃腔扩大形成孵化室,为胚胎发育提供一个良好的发育环境。     

近地天体望远镜增加卡氏内氏焦点的可行性研究

近地天体望远镜是巡天望远镜, 具有短焦距、大视场、低空间分辨率的光学特点. 望远镜只有一个主焦点, 焦距1.8 m, 底片比例9um/'', 像斑几何能量集中度EE80 ≤2''(像斑环绕能量的80%,即80% encircled energy, 记为EE80), 有效视场直径为4.28-°(14.3deg2), 目前配10k times 10k的STA1600LN CCD (charge-coupled device) camera, 观测视场为9deg2. 通过光学系统设计, 在原光学系统上增加副镜及场改正镜, 获得了焦距9m的卡氏焦点和内氏焦点，底片比例43.6 um /"，在直径15''的可用视场内，像斑EE80≤0.5",为近地天体望远镜实现多终端观测提供了理论依据.     

论热动平衡判据有关的几个问题

对平衡态和线性准平衡态的稳定性及其与力学中相关概念的相似问题作了论述，并就蒸气中液滴的不稳定性进行了讨论。