当今海洋科学五大热点问题

进入９０年代，一些海洋科技发达国家的海洋调查计划、科学研究项目和国际性学术性讨论会的主题，几乎都集中围绕与人类生存和社会发展密切相关的环境与资源问题。其中最热门的话题可谓：全球变暖、自然灾害、海面上升、生态环境和海洋资源。１全球变暖的趋势科学家普遍认为，当今世界性工业的发展，大量能源的燃耗，向大气层排放超量的ＣＯ２、Ｈ２Ｓ及其他废气每年约５０×１０８ｔ，形成的“温室效应”而引起的全球性增温影响越来越明显。据统计资料表明，从１９５０～１９８５年，全球排放的ＣＯ２、Ｈ２Ｓ、氮氧化物、氯氟烃等物质增加…     

黑潮对长江中下游夏季风影响过程的初步研究

本文在大量统计事实基础上，对黑潮影响长江中下游夏季风的过程进行了分析。着重对其中三个问题作了较详细的讨沦．1．黑潮流轴中段春季海温与6月长江中下游夏季风的内在联系过程；2．与其相联的环流特点；3．海气相互作用的过程特点。得到了一些很有实际意义的结果与一个可能的天气物理过程。     

Argo-认识和预测气候变化的全球海洋观测计划

1　全球海洋观测网 (Argo)为了解全球气候的变化 ,海洋学界正在做一项雄心勃勃的事业 ,即设计并部署一个全球海洋观测系统 ,以便对海洋从季节到十年间的变化作前所未有的长期跟踪观测。这项计划的实施 ,将使人类对气候的认识和预测向前迈出一大步。全球海洋观测系统的现场支柱就是 Argo剖面浮标网 ,将为人类提供一个全球海洋次表层数据库。Argo剖面浮标观测网将由 3 0 0 0个自动仪器组成 (图 1 ) ,每个浮标每隔 1 0天发送一组取自 2 0 0 0 m到海面的温度和盐度剖面资料 (图 2、3 )。在全球大洋内每隔大约 3个经纬度布设一个浮标 ,其数据通…     

Seasonal and annual variations of marine sinking particulate flux during 1993~1996 in the central South China Sea

A total of 67 samples from the upper and lower sediment traps in the central South China Sea were analyzed, which were collected during 1993~1996. It is indicated that the distribution of stable isotope values, surface primary productivity, fluxes of total particulate matter, carbonate, biogenic opal, organic carbon, planktonic foraminiferal species and their total amount exhibit obviously seasonal and annual fluctuations. High values of the fluxes occurred in the prevailing periods of the northeastern and southwestern monsoons, and the low values occurred during the periods between the two monsoons. The fluxes of some planktonic foraminiferal species (Globigerinoides sacculifer, G. ruber, Globigerinita glutinata, Neogloboquadrina dutertrei) and their percentages also exhibit two prominent peaks during the prevailing periods of the northeastern and southwestern monsoons respectively, while those of Globigerina bulloides, Globorotalia menardii and Pulleniatina obliquiloculata only exhibit one peak in the prevailing periods of the northeastern monsoon. In addition, fluxes and percentages of Globigerinoides sacculifer and Globorotalia menardii as well as the fluxes of carbonate and total amount of planktonic foraminifera decrease gradually from 1993 to 1996, and those of Globigerina bulloides, Globigerinita glutinata and biogenic opal increase gradually from 1993 to 1996. The fluxes of carbonate and organic carbon in the upper trap are higher than those in the lower one. The study indicates that the seasonal and annual variations of the sediment fluxes and planktonic foraminiferal species are mainly controlled by the changes of surface primary productivity and hydrological conditions related to the East Asian monsoon. The lower carbonate and organic carbon fluxes in the lower trap are related to the dissolution.     

东亚冬夏季风对热带印度洋秋季海温异常的响应

利用多年的Reynolds月平均海表温度资料和NCEP/NCAR全球大气再分析资料,分析了热带印度洋秋季海表温度距平(SSTA)与后期东亚冬夏季风强度变化的关系。结果表明,热带印度洋秋季SSTA的主要模态是全区一致(USB)型和偶极子(IOD)型,USB型模态主要代表热带印度洋秋季SSTA的长期变化趋势,而IOD型模态主要反映热带印度洋秋季SSTA的年际变化。热带印度洋秋季海温气候变率中既存在着明显的ENSO信号,也有独立于ENSO的变率特征,独立于ENSO的热带印度洋秋季SSTA变化的主要模态仍是USB型和IOD型。前期秋季USB模态与东亚冬季风及东亚副热带夏季风之间为负相关关系;与前期正(负)IOD模态相对应,南海夏季风强度偏弱(强),而东亚副热带夏季风强度偏强(弱)。USB型和IOD型模态对后期东亚冬、夏季风强度变化的影响是独立于ENSO的,但ENSO起到了调节二者相关显著程度的作用。     

Sea surface temperature variations in the southwestern South China Sea over the past 160 ka

Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the southwestern South China Sea have been reconstructed for the past 160 ka using the Uk37 paleothermometer from the core MD01-2392. The temperature differences between glacial times (MISs 6 and 2) and interglacial times (MISs 5.5 and 1) are 2.2~2.5 ℃. Younger Dryas event during the last deglaciation was documented in both the planktonic foraminiferal δ18O and SST records. After MIS 5.5, SSTs displayed a progressive cooling from 28.6 to 24.5 ℃, culminating at the LGM. During this gradual cooling period, warm events such as MISs 5.3, 5.1 and 3 were also clearly documented. By comparison of SST between the study core and Core 17954, a pattern of low or no meridional SST gradients during the interglacial periods and high meridional SST gradients during the glacial periods was exhibited. This pattern indicates the much stronger East Asian winter monsoon at the glacial than at the interglacial periods. Spectral analysis gives two prominent cycles: 41 and 23 ka, with the former more pronounced, suggesting that SSTs in the southern SCS varied in concert with high-latitude processes through the connection of East Asian winter monsoon.     

更新世冰期的全球深海绝灭事件

据估计 ,深海有孔虫种的交替速率为２ %／Ｍａ ,比新生代浅水底栖（５ %／Ｍａ）或者浮游有孔虫（１１ %／Ｍａ）明显偏低。白垩纪—第三纪边界（６５Ｍａ）或附近的事件引发了陆地和浅水以及部分半远洋生物的灾难性绝灭 ,但是对深海底栖有孔虫的影响很小。大部分深海有孔虫绝灭（３０ %～５０ %的种消失了）出现于晚古新世冰后高温期（ＬＰＴＭ ,５５Ｍａ） ,它起因于贫氧、温暖的侵蚀性底层水以及同时发生的表层生产力的变化。晚始新世至早渐新世（３６～３０Ｍａ）和中中新世也发现了深海底栖有孔虫的种类交替增强有全球蔓延的趋势。对中…     

黄海陆架表层水温的低频振动

本文在对位于黄海南部陆架上的朝连岛站30年水温资料进行分析时发现,该站的表层水温有周期大于20个月的低频振动,其中以准两年周期和6年周期最显著。陆架水温的这种低频振动是对东亚季风异常的响应。这种低频振动在冬季与渤海冰情的变化同步;在夏季与黄海底层冷水团的强弱相关。同时,这种低频振动在对马暖流上也有一定的反映。