SIMPLE SIMULATION OF THE ANNUAL VARIATION OF THE SPECIFIC PHOTOSYNTHESIS RATE IN JIAOZHOU BAY

A simple diagnostic simulation of the annual cycling of the surface specific photosynthesis rate (SPR) in Jiaazhou Bay is described in this paper. Light intensity, temperature and nutrients(nitrate ammonia, phosphate) were considered as main factors controlling photosynthesis of phytoplankton and were introduced into the model by different function equations. The simulated variation ofspecific photosynthesis rate coincided with the measured data. Analysis of the effect of every factor onphotosynthesis indicated that the variation of photosynthesis rate was controlled by all these three factors,while temperature showed good correlation with SPR as measurement showed. This diagnostic simulationyielded the values of some parameter relating with the photosynthesis in Jiaozhou Bay.     

祁连山海北高寒草甸地区植物生长期的光合有效辐射特征

分析了祁连山海北高寒草甸地区 1998年植物生长期内光合有效辐射 (PAR)的日、季节变化特征。结果表明 :PAR日变化与太阳总辐射 (Eg)日变化趋势一致 ,表现为单峰型变化过程 ,日总量最大可达 11.7MJ·m-2 左右。植物生长期内的 4月下旬～ 9月中旬季节变化较为复杂 ,雨季来临之前的 4～ 6月较高 ,其它时间较低 ,旬平均最高在 5月达 85 .2 3MJ·m-2 。PAR在Eg中所占的比例 (η)晴天状况下日平均在 0 .36～ 0 .41之间 ,阴天稍高 ,植物生长期内 η的旬平均在 0 .32～ 0 .43之间。分析还表明 ,PAR与Eg日总量具有很好的正相关关系 ,从而可依Eg的变化量来估算PAR。同时计算表明 ,海北高寒草甸地区植物群落对PAR的光能利用率为 0 .5 8%左右     

增强紫外辐射对大豆生长发育和光合作用影响研究

通过对增强紫外辐射4种处理的大豆田间试验资料分析，得出增强紫外辐射使大豆光合作用减弱，植株变矮，干物重减轻，生育期延长；经测定还得出增强紫外辐射使大豆蒸腾速率降低，气孔阻力增大。这些变化还随紫外辐射强度增强而增大。     

作物模拟技术在气候变化对农业生产影响研究中的应用

近 2 0年来 ,作物模拟技术的高度发展为定量研究气候变化对农业生产的影响开辟了一条新途径。作物模拟模型分为经验模型 (又称 (统计 )回归模型、描述性模型 )和机理模型 (又称动力学模型、解释性模型 )。与利用回归分析、相关分析等统计学方法确定合适的指标来描述气候变化与作物产量或其他生育状况关系 (如温度与产量的关系 )的经验模型不同 ,机理模型是针对农作物生理生长特性发展起来的 ,能够动态地模拟作物的生长发育和产量形成过程 ,较准确地表达作物生长与气候因子变化之间的关系 ,并可以通过可控因子 (施肥、灌溉 )来调节作物的生长…     

小兴安岭湿地植物的光合作用日变化研究

对同一区域内两种不同类型森林沼泽的生态环境及生长在其中的植物进行调查和观测,分析讨论两种不同小气候形成的原因及对植物的影响,比较分析两种沼泽中主要植物的气孔导度、Ci/C、蒸腾、光合作用的日进程变化特性。高位沼泽中优势植物小灌木的气孔导度较高,蒸腾及光合速率高;光合曲线表现为双峰型,有明显的“午休”现象,引起“午休”现象的原因是非气孔限制因子;测试条件下高位沼泽植物的饱和光强范围是1 044.24-1 205.43μmoL/(m2·s);低位沼泽优势植物光合日变化曲线表现为单峰型和平展型,无“午休”现象。其中阴生植物蓝靛果忍冬和修氏苔草的光补偿点<18μmoL/(m2·s),低位沼泽林下落叶松和油桦的光合作用限制因子为光照强度不足,而土壤矿质营养贫乏和水的强酸性是高位沼泽中油桦和落叶松光合能力的重要限制因子。     

Verification of Net Primary Production Estimation Method in the Mongolian Plateau Using Landsat ETM＋ Data

We plan to estimate global net primary production (NPP) of vegetation using the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite-Ⅱ (ADEOS-Ⅱ) Global Imager (GLI) multi-spectral data. We derive an NPP estimation algorithm from ground measurement data on temperate plants in Japan. By the algorithm, we estimate NPP using a vegetation index based on pattern decomposition (VIPD) for the Mongolian Plateau. The VIPD is derived from Landsat ETM multi-spectral data, and the resulting NPP estimation is compared with ground data measured in a semi-arid area of Mongolia. The NPP estimation derived from satellite remote sensing data agrees with the ground measurement data within the error range of 15% when all above-ground vegetation NPP is calculated for different vegetation classifications.     

Ecophysiological characteristics of four intertidal marine macroalgae during emersion along Shantou coast of China, with a special reference to the relationship of photosynthesis and CO2

Intertidal marine macroalgae experience periodical exposures during low tide due to their zonational distribution. The duration of such emersion leads to different exposures of the plants to light and aerial CO2, which then affect the physiology of them to different extents.The ecophysiological responses to light and CO2 were investigated during emersion in two red algae Gloiopeltis furcata and Gigartina interrnedia, and two brown algae Petaloniafascia and Sargassum hemiphyllum, growing along the Shantou coast of China. The light-saturated net photosynthesis in G. furcata and P. fascia showed an increase followed by slightly desiccation, whereas that in G.interrnedia and S. hemiphyllum exhibited a continuous decrease with water loss. In addition, the upper-zonated G. furcata and P. fascia,exhibited higher photosynthetic tolerance to desiccation and required higher light level to saturate their photosynthesis than the lower-zonated G. interrnedia and S. hemiphyllum. Desiccation had less effect on dark respiration in these four algae compared with photosynthesis. The light-saturated net photosynthesis increased with increased CO2 concentrations, being saturated at CO2 concentrations higher than the present atmospheric level in G. furcata, G. intermedia and S. hemiphyllum during emersion. It was evident that the relative enhancement of photosynthesis by elevated CO2 in those three algae increased, though the absolute values of photosynthetic enhancement owing to CO2 increase were reduced when the desiccation statuses became more severe. However, in the case of desiccated P. fascia (water loss being greater than 20 %), light saturated net photosynthesis was saturated with current ambient atmospheric CO2 level. It is proposed that increasing atmospheric CO2 will enhance the daily photosynthetic production in intertidal macroalgae by varied extents that were related to the species and zonation.     

一种快速、简便测定海洋浮游植物光合作用－光强曲线的新方法

一种快速、简便测定海洋浮游植物光合作用－光强曲线的新方法毛兴华，朱明远，杨小龙，郝亚威Ｊ．库伦（国家海洋局第一海洋研究所，青岛）（加拿大，达豪斯大学）关键词浮游植物，光合作用－光强曲线，Ｐ－Ｉ模式前言海洋浮游植物通过光合作用，利用光能同化无机碳的过程...