基于SRTM地形数据的天气雷达电磁波非常规遮挡回波补偿技术研究

为解决多普勒天气雷达电磁波因人造建筑物、森林等非地形因素造成的降水观测空间不连续问题,基于精细的地形数据信息,提出一种雷达电磁波非常规遮挡回波补偿技术.首先利用SRTM地形数据信息和雷达体扫信息,计算雷达扫描最低有效混合仰角信息;其次通过长时间雷达定量降水估计(QPE)累积,识别非地形遮挡导致的降水空间不连续区域,采用...     

VSAT地面站天线仰角和方位角的确定

介绍了ＶＳＡＴ地面站天线仰角和方位角的确定原理，给出了计算ＶＳＡＴ地面站天线仰角和方位角的公式及相应的ＢＡＳＩＣ程序，最后列表给出了黑龙江省十四个业务布点站的有关参数及计算值。     

一种快速预测卫星过顶的简易模型

准确预报卫星的过顶信息在军用、民用等多个领域内有重要的应用结合观测到的卫星方位角和仰角等信息反推卫星通过局部星下点轨迹吻合与校准建立一种简易模型程序进行预测未来某时间段卫星过顶时间并计算出卫星过顶的仰角、方位角。本文提出的模型简易有效仅仅只需?,无需专业卫星预测软件,仅仅只需MATLAB软件就可以预测指定卫星的过顶情况。      

GTC2型探空数据接收机天线的标定技术

GTC2型L波段探空数据接收机是GFE(L)1型二次测风雷达的应急备份设备,新换的应急接收机或者经过维修后的接收机,在使用之前,需要对应急接收机的方位和仰角初始状态进行调整标定,在GFE(L)1型二次测风雷达发生故障后能及时进入工作状态,在初始放球时保证雷达及时跟踪住气球。由于该设备是为应急时设计的,主要考虑以接收回答器的无线信号为主,对天线的定位精度要求比较宽松,天线正(反)向转动     

人工增雨火箭发射仰角及用弹量的估算

根据南阳气象观测站探空资料及AgI在云中成核率与温度的关系，确定了豫南BL-1型火箭人工增雨可播云体的判别标准、火箭发射仰角及火箭用弹量。     

基于天气雷达网三维拼图的混合反射率因子生成技术

首先基于1:25万的DEM(digital elevation model)数据、雷达站点信息、雷达波束高斯分布模式和标准大气情况下的波束传播路径计算了雷达的波束阻挡率,并把它与雷达实测的反射率因子分布情况进行比较,发现两者具有很好的定性一致性和很强的定量相关性;其次根据设置的波束阻挡率阈值和波束下限(波束底部越过地形的高度)阈值得到不受地形阻挡的最小扫描仰角在同一平面上的投影,即混合扫描仰角,这样计算出来的混合扫描仰角与雷达扫描方式无关,可用于不同扫描方式下的混合扫描反射率因子(没有波束阻挡的最低扫描仰角的反射率因子在同一平面上的投影)的获取;然后根据混合扫描仰角,利用标准大气情况下的雷达测高公式计算等射束高度,把来自雷达网中各雷达的等射束高度进行拼接得到等射束高度拼图,其中在各雷达重叠覆盖区,取最小的等射束高度;最后利用新一代天气雷达网三维拼图反射率因子数据以及等射束高度拼图数据得到天气雷达网的混合反射率因子,以便用于大范围降水估算算法中的降水率的计算.     

A discussion on improving typhoon observation through radar by scanning the negative elevation angle

Certain feasibilities and features were discussed in typhoon detection by radar with a negative elevation angle according to the relationship between the remote detecting range and the elevation angle of the new generation weather radar, in order to rectify the disadvantages of detecting capability for remote low-level echo with a lowest elevation angle of 0.5° in the common detecting mode. The data obtained from detecting the typhoon of Haitang and Changmi with radar for their negative elevation angles and the observed data for the common lowest elevation angle of 0.5° were compared to each other. The results showed that the detection of remote low level cloud system with radar could be improved by using the negative elevation angle, and the structure and the evolution trend of a typhoon could be better judged. The increasing degree of detection for negative elevation angles in the current volume scanning mode should be helpful for predicting the intensity and developing trend of windstorms, to further improve the capability of warning and nowcasting. The detection of negative elevation angle could also help reveal the development and change of typhoon＇s low level cloud system. As far as the typhoons of Haitang and Changmi were concerned, the detecting area of Changmi was increased by 1.09 times with the negative elevation angle of 0.31°, compared with the elevation angle of 0.48° if the threshold value for the sea echo within 100 km was eliminated. Several volume scans of Haitang were increased by 2.1%-7.9% for the negative elevation angle of 0.36° compared with the elevation angle of 0.49° . Therefore, the radar detecting capability of typhoons could be improved by the detection of negative elevation angles to some extent. This could make up for the disadvantages of a low detecting capability for remote low-level echo in the common detecting mode. At the same time, a negative elevation angle could be easily influenced by the ground clutter and the close sea wave clutter which interfered with the asses     

火箭增雨作业相关技术研究

夏半年用火箭对对流云进行增雨作业,对于抗旱和增加水资源都有重要价值。通过对人工增雨火箭性能和北京地区降水、0℃层高度等天气条件分析,认为火箭作业要选准作业时机,发射仰角根据0°C层高度和射界民居情况确定,一般应掌握在55°~75°之间为宜。作业用弹量根据冷云厚度确定,如厚度6 km左右时,用弹量为4枚。针对一次火箭增雨作业的实例进行了分析。     

利用低仰角扫描改进高山雷达低层回波探测能力浅析

应用昆明高山新一代天气雷达探测大范围暴雨个例的0.仰角资料,与我国高山雷达目前采用最低仰角为0.5°扫描模式(VCP11或VCP21)的回波分布情况进行了对比分析.结果表明:在雷达警戒区域,0°较0.5°仰角能更早地发现过程的降水云系;0°或负仰角能明显提高高山雷达远距离回波探测效果;低仰角(文中指低于0.5°仰角)可弥补常规业务扫描模式下高山雷达探测低层回波能力不足的问题.对另一次文山雷达对冰雹过程的探测分析,可见低仰角扫描模式对强对流天气也能获得较好的低层探测效果.又通过实验获得云南另外4部高山雷达的0°仰角及负仰角睛空资料,分析了高山雷达晴空资料的0°及负仰角低层回波资料质量.发现受周围山脉影响,不同高山雷达最佳探测低仰角是不同的,实际业务工作中应根据当地地形的具体情况选取恰当的低仰角.